Eccentric cycling is more efficient in reducing fat mass than concentric cycling in adolescents with obesity

Julian, Valérie; Torgerson, David; Miguet, Maud; Pereira, Bruno; Costes, Frédéric; Coudeyre, Emmanuel; Duclos, Martine; Richard, Ruddy

doi:10.1111/sms.13301

Cited by 38 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…At a given metabolic load, the rate of perceived exertion was found to be similar (Julian et al, 2018) or higher (Perrey et al, 2001) in ECC compared to CON cycling in obese adolescents (Julian et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling

et al. 2019

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Objective Eccentric (ECC) cycle-ergometers have recently become commercially-available, offering a novel method for rehabilitation training. Many studies have reported that ECC cycling enables the development of higher levels of muscular force at lower cardiorespiratory and metabolic loads, leading to greater force enhancements after a training period. However, fewer studies have focused on the specific perceptual and neuromuscular changes. As the two latter aspects are of major interest in clinical settings, this review aimed to present an overview of the current literature centered on the neuromuscular and perceptual responses to submaximal ECC cycling in comparison to concentric (CON) cycling. Design Narrative review of the literature. Results At a given mechanical workload, muscle activation is lower in ECC than in CON while the characteristics of the musculo-articular system (i.e., muscle-tendon unit, fascicle, and tendinous tissue length) are quite similar. At a given heart rate or oxygen consumption, ECC cycling training results in greater muscular hypertrophy and strength gains than CON cycling. On the contrary, CON cycling training seems to enhance more markers of muscle aerobic metabolism than ECC cycling performed at the same heart rate intensity. Data concerning perceptual responses, and neuromuscular mechanisms leading to a lower muscle activation (i.e., neural commands from cortex to muscular system) at a given mechanical workload are scarce. Conclusion Even though ECC cycling appears to be a very useful tool for rehabilitation purposes the perceptual and neural commands from cortex to muscular system during exercise need to be further studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling

et al. 2019

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“…The current literature provides growing evidence regarding the effect of the intensity (Prado et al, 2015;Thivel et al, 2011Thivel et al, , 2012, duration (Hintze et al, 2019;Masurier et al, 2018;Schippers et al, 2017;Tamam et al, 2012) and modality (Julian et al, 2019;Thivel et al, 2016b) of exercise as important considerations in weight loss interventions. Although recently proposed as an essential component to consider to improve interventions, the timing of exercise in relation to meals remains poorly explored (Reid et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study

Fillon

Mathieu

Masurier³

et al. 2020

Appetite

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The present study manipulated the delay between exercise and test meal to investigate its effect on energy intake, appetite sensations and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Fifteen adolescents with obesity randomly completed 3 experimental sessions: i) rest without exercise (CON);ii) 30 minutes of exercise 180 minutes before lunch (EX-180); iii) 30 minutes of exercise 60 minutes before lunch (EX-60). Ad libitum energy intake was assessed at lunch and dinner, and food reward (LFPQ) assessed before and after lunch. Appetite sensations were assessed at regular intervals. Absolute energy intake was not different between conditions despite a 14.4% lower intake in EX-60 relative to CON. Lunch relative energy intake (REI: energy intakeexercise-induced energy expenditure) was higher in CON compared with EX-60 (p<0.001). Lunch fat intake was lower in EX-60 compared with CON (p=0.01) and EX-180(p=0.02). Pre-lunch hunger in CON was lower than EX-180 (p=0.02). Pre-lunch prospective food consumption and desire to eat were lower in CON compared with both exercise conditions (p=0.001). A significant condition effect was found for explicit liking for high-fat relative to low-fat foods before lunch (p=0.03) with EX-60 being significantly lower than EX-180 (p=0.001). The nutritional and food reward adaptations to exercise might be dependent on the timing of exercise, which is of importance to optimize its effect on energy balance in adolescents with obesity.

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“…On the other hand, we also introduced and interspersed some very short burst and controlled speed activities, as well as sport games, dual tasks, motor and cognitive conditional challenges and other fun activities, because they are typical of the children’s movement patterns [ 8 , 18 , 68 ]. It is crucial to develop enjoyable programs [ 10 , 31 , 63 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Exercise Training Combined with Nutritional Counselling Improves Physical Function, Biochemical and Anthropometric Profiles in Obese Children: A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Aerobics or strength exercise plus diet interventions have been shown to counteract childhood obesity. However, little is known with regard to periodized multicomponent exercise interventions combined with nutritional counselling, which might be less demanding but more enjoyable and respectful of children and adolescents’ nature. In order to analyze the impact of such a multimodal approach, 18 obese children (10.8 ± 1.6 years; 63% females; z Body Mass Index 3 ± 0.4) trained for 60 min, twice weekly and were measured for body composition, biochemical parameters and physical function. We found that 16 weeks of multimodal intervention (14 of training), based on fun-type skill-learning physical activities and physical conditioning with challenging circuits and games, together with nutritional counselling, led to an attendance > 80%, with significant overall health improvement. Body composition was enhanced (p < 0.01 for z BMI, mid-upper-arm-circumference, waist-to-height ratio, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, body-fat % by Slaughter equation and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body fat% and trunk fat%), as well as metabolic profile (LDL cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase , alanine aminotransferase ; p < 0.05), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p < 0.05) and inflammatory response (C-Reactive Protein; p < 0.05). Physical fitness was also improved (p < 0.01) through better cardiovascular test scores and fundamental movement patterns (Functional Movement Screen-7, FMS-4). Tailoring multimodal supervised strategies ensured attendance, active participation and enjoyment, compensating for the lack of strict caloric restrictions and the low volume and training frequency compared to the exercise prescription guidelines for obesity. Nutritional counselling reinforced exercise benefits and turned the intervention into a powerful educational strategy. Teamwork and professionals’ specificity may also be key factors.

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Eccentric cycling is more efficient in reducing fat mass than concentric cycling in adolescents with obesity

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling

Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses to Sub-Maximal Eccentric Cycling

Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study

Multicomponent Exercise Training Combined with Nutritional Counselling Improves Physical Function, Biochemical and Anthropometric Profiles in Obese Children: A Pilot Study

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