Eccentric hamstring strength in elite track and field athletes on the British Athletics world class performance program

Giakoumis, Michael; Pollock, Noel; Mias, Eduard; McAleer, Stephen; Kelly, Shane; Brown, Freddie; Wootten, Moses; Macdonald, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.03.008

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the same manner, players with hamstring injury lasting more than 3 weeks, exhibited a~9% lower knee flexor eccentric strength than uninjured players during the preseason [24]. Contrary to this, it has been also observed no difference in eccentric hamstring strength between previously injured and uninjured athletes [26]. Furthermore, previously hamstring injured and uninjured athletes have displayed similar between-limb asymmetries on eccentric knee flexors strength, with half of the previously injured athletes and 37% of the uninjured athletes presenting between-limb asymmetries above~10% [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Finally, after considering one study suggested by one of the reviewers, 17 studies were included in this systematic review [14][15][16][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an instrumented flywheel leg-curl device, the parameters were calculated from 6 coupled concentric-eccentric actions [14]. During Nordic hamstring exercises, some studies adopted the peak force averaged from 3 [23,24,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33] or 6 [15] bilateral maximal repetitions in absolute values (N) [15,23,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33], while others reported these values normalized by body mass (N/kg) [24,26,28,31,32]. There were also reports on these values relative to moment of the season, expressed as the late preseason/early preseason ratio [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers used the highest peak force of 3 repetitions in absolute values (N) [16,22,23,25,26,29,32,35] or normalized by body mass [22,26,29,32], while others adopted the highest peak force of 6 repetitions in absolute terms (N) [15]. Some authors measured eccentric hamstring torque through the product of mean peak force data (N) [27,31] or the highest peak force data (N) [22,26] by the lever arm of shank length, with this measure reported in absolute terms (Nm) [22,26,27,31] or normalized by body mass (Nm/kg) [22,26,31]. All these inconsistencies were also presented for between-limb imbalance measures, calculated as percentage differences of left/right limb force ratio for uninjured players and uninjured/injured limbs force ratio in the injured group [28,29,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these inconsistencies were also presented for between-limb imbalance measures, calculated as percentage differences of left/right limb force ratio for uninjured players and uninjured/injured limbs force ratio in the injured group [28,29,31]. In other studies, it was calculated as the left-right limb force ratio [32], converted to the percentage difference using log-transformed raw data followed by back transformation [15,33], as the stronger leg peak force minus weaker leg [25,34,35], as the stronger limb being used as the reference value (i.e., 100%) [25], or by dividing torque or force of the right limb by the measures of left limb [26]. There was also one study that calculated Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications

et al. 2021

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Background Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%