Eccentric resistance training and β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid affects muscle PGC-1α expression and serum irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin

Abstract

The hypothalamus controls metabolism and feeding behaviour via several signals with other tissues. Exercise and supplements can change hypothalamic signalling pathways, so the present study investigated the influence of eccentric resistance training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on PGC-1α expression, serum irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin concentrations. Thirty-two male rats (8 weeks old, 200±17 g body mass) were randomly allocated to control, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation (HMB), eccentric resistance training (ERT), and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation plus eccentric resistance training (HMB+ERT) groups. Training groups undertook eccentric resistance training (6 weeks, 3 times a week) and supplement groups consumed β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) orally (76 mg kg −1 day −1 ). Twenty-four hours after the last training session, serum and triceps brachii muscle samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were employed (significance level: P<0.05). The results showed that eccentric resistance training increases skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene expression, as well as serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 (P=0.001). Eccentric resistance training decreased the serum concentration of resistin (P=0.001). HMB-FA supplementation increased skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene expression (P=0.002), as well as the serum concentration of irisin and nesfatin-1 (P=0.001), but decreased the serum concentration of resistin (P=0.001). Significant correlations were observed between PGC-1α gene expression and serum concentrations of irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin. HMB-FA supplementation with eccentric resistance training may induce crosstalk between peptide release from other tissues and increases maximal muscle strength. The combination of the two interventions had a more substantial effect than each in isolation.

Mechanical Stimulation Protects Against Chondrocyte Pyroptosis Through Irisin-Induced Suppression of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Osteoarthritis

“…Chondrocytes were cultured between 1 and 3 passages to avoid loss of the chondrocyte phenotype. According to the previous study ( Tine Kartinah et al, 2018 ; Shirvani et al, 2019 ), chondrocytes were pretreated with irisin (8880-IR-025, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, United States) dissolved in culture media at different physiological concentrations (0, 5, or 10 ng/ml) for 1 h based on the synovial fluid irisin concentrations in rats and then incubated with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 24 h to induce chondrocyte inflammation and the involvement of signaling pathways. Chondrocytes were divided into the following groups: control group, in which the same amount of serum-free medium was added; IL-1β group; IL-1β + irisin (5 ng/ml) group; IL-1β + irisin (10 ng/ml) group.…”

β-hydroxy-β -methylbutyrate supplementation benefits the effects of resistance training on body fat reduction via increased irisin expression in white adipose tissue

“…In this context, the results of this study indicate that CaHMB supplementation amplifies the effect of RT on body fat reduction by activating FNDC-5/irisin pathway related thermogenesis in WAT. Although eccentric RT associated with HMB free acid increased the serum irisin levels in rats [ 32 ], our study is the first to demonstrate reduction in body fat in response to RT associated with CaHMB linked to activation of the FNDC-5/irisin pathway.…”

“…However, the combined treatments increased the gene expression of IL-6 in gastrocnemius, FNDC-5 in soleus muscles, and irisin concentration in WAT. RT has been reported to increase FNDC-5, irisin and UCP-1 [ 5 , 48 ], and HMB has been suggested to increase lipid oxidation in adipose tissue via increase in the gene and protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase [ 49 ], mitochondrial biogenesis [ 25 ] and activation of PGC-1 α [ 31 , 32 ]. Additionally, HMB associated with polyphenols was suggested to activate sirtuin signalling and the FNDC-5/irisin pathway, resulting in significant increases in fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes and myotubes [ 26 ].…”

“…However, there are divergent results showing no such effects [ 28 ] and the efficiency of this combination appears to be population-specific [ 27 ]. Moreover, such differing results also are reported in studies on effects of RT associated with HMB supplementation on cytokines related to skeletal muscle hypertrophy [ 29 ] and adipose tissue metabolic activity [ 30 – 32 ], which warrants further investigations. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of RT associated with CaHMB supplementation on the body composition and gene expression of cytokines related to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and adipose tissue metabolic activity in an animal model.…”

Effects of &#946;-hydroxy-&#946;-methylbutyrate (hmb) and resistance training on body fat and lipid metabolism signaling pathways

“…In rats, RT alter irisin levels and gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) in the muscle and UCP-1 in the WAT 42,43 , and HMB has been suggested to increase lipid oxidation in adipose tissue via increase in the gene and protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase 44 , mitochondrial biogenesis in myocites 45 and activation of the PGC-1α 46 . Shirvani et al 47 demonstrated that supplementation with HMB-FA associated with RT for 8 weeks increased muscle strength, gene expression of the PGC1-α in skeletal muscle and plasma irisin concentration.…”