Ecdysone controlled cell and tissue deletion

Abstract

The removal of superfluous and unwanted cells is a critical part of animal development. In insects the steroid hormone ecdysone, the focus of this review, is an essential regulator of developmental transitions, including molting and metamorphosis. Like other steroid hormones, ecdysone works via nuclear hormone receptors to direct spatial and temporal regulation of gene transcription including genes required for cell death. During insect metamorphosis, pulses of ecdysone orchestrate the deletion of obsolete larval tissues, including the larval salivary glands and the midgut. In this review we discuss the molecular machinery and mechanisms of ecdysone-dependent cell and tissue removal, with a focus on studies in Drosophila and Lepidopteran insects. Facts • Ecdysone is a key developmental regulator in holometabolous insects that triggers the degradation and remodeling of larval tissues during metamorphosis. • Ecdysone-mediated larval tissue deletion is spatiotemporally regulated and involves both apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell deaths. • Ecdysone mediates its regulatory effects via a nuclear hormone receptor complex that drives the expression of target genes directly or through ecdysone-induced transcription factors.

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