Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition

Todorova, Velislava; Ivanova, Stanislava; Chakarov, Dzhevdet; Kraev, Krasimir; Ivanov, Kalin

doi:10.3390/nu16091382

Nutrients

2024

DOI: 10.3390/nu16091382

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Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition

Velislava Todorova,

Stanislava Ivanova,

Dzhevdet Chakarov

et al.

Abstract: The naturally occurring compounds ecdysterone and turkesterone, which are present in plants, including Rhaponticum carthamoides Willd. (Iljin), Spinacia oleracea L., Chenopodium quinoa Willd., and Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq, are widely recognized due to their possible advantages for both general health and athletic performance. The current review investigates the beneficial biological effects of ecdysterone and turkesterone in nutrition, highlighting their roles not only in enhancing athletic performance … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 212 publications

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Effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin on endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

Nan,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Phytomedicine

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Effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin on endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

Nan,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Phytomedicine

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Spinacia oleracea L. Baby Leaves as a Source of Bioactive Principles: The Chemical Profiling of Eco-Sustainable Extracts by Using LC-ESI/HRMS- and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics

Cerulli,

Polcaro,

Masullo

et al. 2024

Foods

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Spinacia oleracea L. cultivar platypus leaves are identified as a functional food due to their nutrient composition which promotes health beyond basic nutrition. Considering the increasing use of food supplements, S. oleracea baby leaves have been extracted by maceration, solid–liquid dynamic extraction (SLDE)-Naviglio, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using EtOH and EtOH:H2O mixtures. The analysis of the extracts by using LC-ESI/HRMSMS revealed 42 compounds (flavonoids, polar lipid derivatives, and 20-hydroxyecdysone), along with primary metabolites, detected by NMR analysis. A principal component analysis (PCA) of LC-ESI/HRMS and NMR data was performed, revealing how 20-hydroxyecdysone and flavonoids, the specialized metabolites mainly responsible for the biological activity of S. oleracea leaves, occurred in the highest amount in the EtOH and EtOH:H2O (70:30, v/v) extracts obtained by SLDE-Naviglio extraction. 20-hydroxyecdysone was also quantified in all the extracts via LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method. The EtOH extracts obtained by SLDE-Naviglio and maceration showed the highest content (82.16 and 81.27 mg/g extract, respectively). The total phenolic content (118.35–206.60 mg GAE/g), the flavonoid content (10.90–41.05 mg rutin/g), and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) (1.63–2.05 mM) of the extracts were determined. The EtOH:H2O (70:30, v/v) extract analyzed by using SLDE-Naviglio showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity.

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The Effects of Multiple Acute Turkesterone Doses on Indirect Measures of Hypertrophy and Metabolic Measures: A Preliminary Investigation

Harris,

Chapman-Lopez,

Machek

et al. 2024

Muscles

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Turkesterone is a naturally occurring plant steroid touted for its medicinal, pharmacological, and biological properties with no reported adverse side effects compared with traditional anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). However, this ostensible enhancement to increase muscle protein synthesis and facilitate augmented thermogenesis remains undescribed despite uninformed and potentially haphazard consumption. To investigate whether turkesterone enhances insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and resting metabolic rate (RMR), eleven apparently healthy males (23.3 ± 2.2) volunteered to participate in the present study with samples collected pre-, 3H post-, and 24H post-ingestion. Subsequent analyses failed to reveal any significant main condition, time, or interaction main effects for serum IGF-1, RMR, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism (p > 0.05). However, non-significant serum IGF-1 concentrations increased with both turkesterone conditions and remained elevated when compared with placebo. Similarly, RMR remained elevated above baseline across the 3 h assessed. Although these data fail to fully support turkesterone as a potent anabolic supplement, nevertheless, our findings are foundational to persistently tease apart this supplement’s purported ergogenic effects and underscore its favorable hemodynamic and gastrointestinal tolerability profile. Future investigations should, therein, aim to assess turkesterone-mediated IGF-1 increases on long-term whole-muscle growth across several training sessions to further substantiate its efficacy on anabolism.

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Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition

Cited by 3 publications

References 212 publications

Effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin on endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

Effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin on endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

Spinacia oleracea L. Baby Leaves as a Source of Bioactive Principles: The Chemical Profiling of Eco-Sustainable Extracts by Using LC-ESI/HRMS- and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics

The Effects of Multiple Acute Turkesterone Doses on Indirect Measures of Hypertrophy and Metabolic Measures: A Preliminary Investigation

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