Chronic pancreatitis is a fibroinflammatory disease of the pancreas with heterogeneous clinical features and a significant socioeconomic burden. Assessing its aetiology and early diagnosis of associated complications remain challenging. Personalized therapy necessitates precise knowledge of the genetic, biological, and clinical differences within a patient population. In this context, the identification of the underlying aetiology represents an essential cornerstone. This review elucidates current standards for identifying underlying aetiologies and the diagnostic work‐up for idiopathic cases. It provides an overview of general therapeutic approaches and highlights individual treatment options. Additionally, the follow‐up management of pancreatitis‐associated complications, namely exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, post‐pancreatitis diabetes mellitus, pain management, pancreatic fluid collections, and pancreatic cancer risk, is summarized.