ECG Data Encryption Then Compression Using Singular Value Decomposition

Abstract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring systems are widely used in healthcare. ECG data must be compressed for transmission and storage. Furthermore, there is a need to be able to directly process biomedical signals in encrypted domains to ensure the protection of patients' privacy. Existing encryption-then-compression (ETC) approaches for multimedia using the state-of-the-art encryption techniques inevitably sacrifice the compression efficiency or signal quality. This paper presents the first ETC approach for processing ECG data. The proposed approach not only can protect data privacy but also provide the same quality of the reconstructed signals without sacrificing the compression efficiency relative to unencrypted compressions. Specifically, the singular value decomposition technique is used to compress the data such that the proposed system can provide quality-control compressed data, even though the data has been encrypted. Experimental results prove the proposed system to be an effective technique for assuring data security as well as compression performance for ECG data.

A Novel Blaschke Unwinding Adaptive-Fourier-Decomposition-Based Signal Compression Algorithm With Application on ECG Signals

“…The principle is evaluating the coefficients of the original signal associated with a pre-designed basis so that the signal can be represented by few parameters. For example, the wavelet transform [10,13,14,15], the discrete cosine transform (DCT) [16,17], the Hermite transform [18,19], the nonlinear transform [20], the compressed sensing [21,22,23], and the singular value decomposition (SVD) [24,25]. While the wavelet transform is popular, however, the compression performance is largely dependent on the chosen mother wavelet, number of decomposition levels and different optimization schemes [26].…”

“…Other practical issues. A separate but relevant topic that we do not discuss in this paper is the data encryption issue, which is needed to protect the patient privacy issue when any bio-signal is transmitted over public networks, according to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [25,46]. A study taking into account the encryption to the proposed compression algorithm will be reported in the future work.…”

Encryption-Then-Compression Systems Using Grayscale-Based Image Encryption for JPEG Images

“…In this paper, we focus on EtC systems although the traditional way of securely transmitting images is to use a compression-then-encryption (CtE) system. Most studies on EtC systems assumed the use of a proprietary compression scheme incompatible with international compression standards such as JPEG [3], [13]- [17], so they can not be applied to social media. For example, an arithmetic coding-based approach and a singular value decomposition transformation are used to efficiently compress encrypted images in [3], [17], respectively.…”

“…Most studies on EtC systems assumed the use of a proprietary compression scheme incompatible with international compression standards such as JPEG [3], [13]- [17], so they can not be applied to social media. For example, an arithmetic coding-based approach and a singular value decomposition transformation are used to efficiently compress encrypted images in [3], [17], respectively. Because of such a situation, block scramblingbased image encryption schemes, which are compatible with international standards, have been proposed for EtC systems T. Chuman, S. Warit and H. Kiya [18]- [22].…”

Grayscale-based block scrambling image encryption using YCbCr color space for encryption-then-compression systems

“…Corresponding author: Hitoshi Kiya Email: kiya@tmu.ac.jp the use of a proprietary compression scheme incompatible with international compression standards such as JPEG [3,14,15,[22][23][24], block scrambling-based image encryption schemes, which are compatible with international standards, have been proposed for EtC systems [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”