“…It was popularised in the '70s, when it was mainly applied to isolated word recognition and speech recognition [11,[15][16][17] to account for differences in speaking rates between speakers and utterances. Since then, it has been employed for clustering and classification in countless domains: electro-cardiogram analysis [18][19][20], clustering of gene expression profiles [21,22], biometrics [23,24], process monitoring [25]. Moreover, DTW has been also used in handwriting and online signature matching [10], sign language recognition and gesture recognition, data mining and time series clustering, computer vision and computer animation, surveillance, protein sequence alignment and chemical engineering, music and signal processing [26].…”