ECG Indices Poorly Predict Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Are Applicable Only in Individuals with Low Cardiovascular Risk

Abstract

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. The electrocardiography (ECG) has poor sensitivity, but it is commonly used to detect LVH. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of known ECG indicators to recognize LVH in subgroups with different cardiovascular risk levels. Methods: 676 volunteers were included. Results: We found that 10.2% of the analyzed population had LVH based on echocardiography. Individuals with LVH were older, had a higher body mass index, higher systolic blood pressure, lower heart rate, higher parameters of insulin resistance, higher cardiovascular risk, and android-type obesity. Variables that remained independently associated with LVH were QRS duration, left atrial volume index, troponin T, and hemoglobin A1c. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the Sokolow–Lyon index did not show a significant predictive ability to diagnose LVH in the whole study population including all cardiovascular risk classes. The ROC curves analysis of Cornell and Lewis indices showed a modest predictive ability to diagnose LVH in the general population and in a low cardiovascular class. Conclusions: There is a need for new, simple methods to diagnose LVH in the general population in order to properly evaluate cardiovascular risk and introduce optimal medical treatment of concomitant disease.

Ordering Knowledge in the Markers of Psychiatric/Mental Disorders

“…High values of IL-6, CRP, and TNF may also be involved in or be the reason for treatmentresistant depression (TRD) and more somatic symptoms, but they may be used to predict the level of depressive response in post-COVID-19 patients [1,3,12]. Higher air humidity (the concentration of water vapour present in the air) around depressive persons were compared to non-depressive persons, and correlations between humidity with symptoms of depression were found, whereas no other weather condition difference, nor its correlation with depressive symptoms, were noted (Białystok Plus study described in [13,14]; meteorological data in preparation). Such a drop in one's mood may occur not only in the population of those with a higher risk of depression (depressive immunophenotype) but also in people susceptible to schizophrenia [15], which can mimic negative symptoms.…”

Impact of chronic kidney disease on long-term outcome of patients with valvular heart defects

“…This association between the destructive impacts of both of the above-mentioned organs on each other is in the medical nomenclature named “cardiorenal syndrome”. Predominantly, it affects cardiac function, especially the function of the left ventricle [ 7 , 8 ]. Lots of authors claim that any glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lowering and chronic kidney disease affects directly not only the myocardium, but also the condition of heart valves.…”

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification vs. Therapeutic, Preventative Strategies for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Prevention—A Cohort Study

“…At the time of study entry, a detailed medical history was collected from each patient using questionnaires. The comprehensive assessment was performed as described previously [7].…”

“…Therefore, in this study, we focused on assessing CV risk in people without a known CVD, most of whom were unaware of their increased CV risk. For this purpose, we used various validated calculators to assess CV risk in primary prevention [7,8]. The Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation-Polish version (Pol-SCORE) was used to assess the 10-year risk of fatal CV based on the following risk factors: age, gender, smoking, systolic blood pressure (BPs), and total cholesterol (TC) for individuals aged 40-70 [9,10].…”