eChain: A Blockchain-Enabled Ecosystem for Electronic Device Authenticity Verification

Vashistha, Nidish; Hossain, Muhammad Monir; Shahriar, Rakib; Farahmandi, Farimah; Rahman, Fahim; Tehranipoor, Mark

doi:10.1109/tce.2021.3139090

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Hence, the stakeholders of the metaverse will benefit from greater data transparency [64]. Blockchain will enable applications and their users to understand how third-party applications like thunderbird, the bat, and pegasus manage data and can eliminate grey market transactions which will boost user confidence [65]. In addition, the data owner will have complete control over the information.…”

Section: ) Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for the Metaverse: A Review

Gadekallu¹,

Huynh‐The²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Since Facebook officially changed its name to Metaverse in Oct. 2021, the metaverse has become a new norm of social networks and three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. The metaverse aims to bring 3D immersive and personalized experiences to users by leveraging many pertinent technologies. Despite great attention and benefits, a natural question in the metaverse is how to secure its users' digital content and data. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution owing to its distinct features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. To better understand the role of blockchain in the metaverse, we aim to provide an extensive survey on the applications of blockchain for the metaverse. We first present a preliminary to blockchain and the metaverse and highlight the motivations behind the use of blockchain for the metaverse. Next, we extensively discuss blockchain-based methods for the metaverse from technical perspectives, such as data acquisition, data storage, data sharing, data interoperability, and data privacy preservation. For each perspective, we first discuss the technical challenges of the metaverse and then highlight how blockchain can help. Moreover, we investigate the impact of blockchain on key-enabling technologies in the metaverse, including Internet-of-Things, digital twins, multi-sensory and immersive applications, artificial intelligence, and big data. We also present some major projects to showcase the role of blockchain in metaverse applications and services. Finally, we present some promising directions to drive further research innovations and developments towards the use of blockchain in the metaverse in the future.

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Section: ) Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for the Metaverse: A Review

Gadekallu¹,

Huynh‐The²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Vashistha et al [60] makes use of a consortium-style blockchain as it provides the benefits of both public and private blockchains. Consortium blockchains limit the number of peers on the network, enabling them to offer a higher transaction rate.…”

Section: B Blockchain Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach, employed by Vosatka et al [75], involves the use of ECID that's permanently etched into the chip's read-only memory during manufacturing. Vashistha et al [60] takes a similar route, binding speed and grade data to ECID to facilitate the detection of remarked chips. QR codes were leveraged by Pandey et al [78] identification by opting for multiple QR codes per product in each batch, sub-batch, and packet due to their straight-forward generation and utilisation.…”

Section: E Representation Of Unique Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain in the Electronics Industry for Supply Chain Management: A Survey

Jadon,

Rao,

Jagadish

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Supply chain as an industry has gone through four-fold changes in the last century. Born as a bare-bones structure in 1.0 it grew to incorporate some form of record preservation in 2.0 and then integrated communication between two entities in 3.0. Supply chain 4.0, the current one, has total global integration of multiple entities with the records digitised. But increasing entities and pipelines, means increasing complexities, overhead and soft spots. In this paper, a systematic literature review is done with the objective of analysing existing Supply Chain 4.0. The focus of the paper is the usage of blockchain technology in the electronic industry to provide a decentralised architecture. Several papers were compared on the basis of different schemas like the type of blockchain network used, platform deployed on, security of frameworks, representation of unique identity, testing authenticity, working implementation, cost of implementation, etc. The pros and cons of various privacy and security methodologies are also explored and discussed. The paper also discusses the open issues and challenges in the same area of interest. Finally, the paper outlines the future scope to be delved into as a part of the future research.INDEX TERMS Supply chain, blockchain, security, smart contracts, electronic chips. I. INTRODUCTIONA Supply chain is a complex network of organisations and activities that transforms raw materials into a final product. It includes every step of the journey, like suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers.Consider a simple example of the manufacturing of a smartphone. The supply chain begins with the extraction of raw materials and ends with a purchase by the consumer. Raw materials like metals and minerals are extracted for components like batteries, screens, and casings. Different components of the phone are manufactured in specialised factories. The components are brought together in an assembly plant to create complete smartphones. The smartphones are then transported to various regions through warehouses and logistics. They are sold in retail stores or online platforms. Consumers purchase and use these smartphones for communication and other functions.It can be seen that goods are traversed through multiple stages, people, and organisations on their way to the final consumer. As supply chains get more global and complex,

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“…Therefore, increased data openness will be advantageous to the metaverse's stakeholders [147]. Users' confidence will increase as a result of being able to comprehend how third-party programs like Thunderbird, the Bat, and Pegasus manage data thanks to blockchain technology, which can also reduce grey market transactions [148]. The owner of the data will also have total control over the data.…”

Section: B Blockchain Solutions For Maasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking Metaverse-as-a-Service The three pillars to watch: Privacy and Security, Edge Computing, and Blockchain

Ahsani¹,

Rahimi²,

Letafati³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive overview on three core pillars of metaverse-as-a-service (MaaS) platforms; privacy and security, edge computing, and blockchain technology. The article starts by investigating security aspects for the wireless access to the metaverse. Then it goes through the privacy and security issues inside the metaverse from data-centric, learning-centric, and human-centric points-of-view. The authors address private and secure mechanisms for privatizing sensitive data attributes and securing machine learning algorithms running in a distributed manner within the metaverse platforms. Novel visions and less-investigated methods are reviewed to help mobile network operators and metaverse service providers facilitate the realization of secure and private MaaS through different layers of the metaverse, ranging from the access layer to the social interactions among clients. Later in the article, it has been explained how the paradigm of edge computing can strengthen different aspects of the metaverse. Along with that, the challenges of using edge computing in the metaverse have been comprehensively investigated. Additionally, the paper has comprehensively investigated and analyzed 10 main challenges of MaaS platforms and thoroughly discussed how blockchain technology provides solutions for these constraints. At the final, future vision and directions, such as content-centric security and zero-trust metaverse, some blockchain's unsolved challenges are also discussed to bring further insights for the network designers in the metaverse era.

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eChain: A Blockchain-Enabled Ecosystem for Electronic Device Authenticity Verification

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Blockchain for the Metaverse: A Review

Blockchain for the Metaverse: A Review

Blockchain in the Electronics Industry for Supply Chain Management: A Survey

Unlocking Metaverse-as-a-Service The three pillars to watch: Privacy and Security, Edge Computing, and Blockchain

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