Echinococcosis: An Uncommon Cause of Thoracic Pain

Abstract

Echinococcosis is caused by larvae, the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus , and poses a public health issue in many developing countries. It generally affects a single organ, most commonly the liver or lungs, and rarely involves multiple organs. We present the case of a 24-year-old Indian man living in Portugal, who was admitted to the Emergency Department with left-sided thoracic pain radiating to the back. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic nodule in the lower left lung. Laboratory tests showed high C-reactive protein levels and positive antibodies for Echinococcus granulosus . He was started on albendazole and underwent cranial and abdominopelvic CT scans, which identified a similar lesion in the liver. He underwent surgical removal of the hepatic cyst, followed by lung resection a couple of months later. This case underscores the importance of an early and accurate diagnosis, especially in non-endemic areas where the disease is less common and knowledge about it is more limited. It also emphasizes the need for stricter screening protocols for individuals with a history of exposure to endemic areas, even in low-incidence regions like Lisbon, Portugal.