Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines

Casulli, Adriano; Manfredi, Maria Teresa; Rosa, G. La; Cerbo, Anna Rita Di; Genchi, C.; Pozio, Edoardo

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.004

Cited by 78 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This data is consistent with results reported by other surveys in Italy, where cattle seems to be mostly infected by sheep strain (G1). The G5 specific cattle strain or E. ortleppi was found only once in one cattle imported from Switzerland to Northern Italy [15,17,18,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, in Italy the G1 [15,16], G2 and G3 strains [17] were isolated in cattle; these usually determine variable values of prevalences with low fertility levels. In 2008, the cattle strain G5 has been identified for the first time in Italy from a bovine coming from Northern regions [18]. No other finding of this genotype has been reported in Italy until present date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

Poglayen

Varcasia

Pipia

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonosis of veterinary and medical importance still constituting a sanitary, economic and socio-cultural problem in Italy. Methodology: The aim of this study was to update epidemiological data on cattle CE in Italy. Data on CE positivity of 5,336 cattle were acquired from abattoir registers between January 2009 and July 2010. Morphobiological characterization of hydatids was performed by direct examination of liver and lungs of 1,664 animals butchered in the same slaughterhouses in 2010. Strain typing of parasites was carried out through the amplification and sequencing of nd1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes. Results: Overall CE prevalence was of 8.1% (430/5,336). Parasitological examination of hydatids showed an overall prevalence of 8.6% with a fertility rate of 0.7% (12/1,664). Regarding localization, hydatids were found in 8% of the livers and in 7.6% of the lungs, respectively. Among positive animals, higher prevalence was observed in the liver (93%) compared to lungs (88.1%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The economic loss due to organs condemnation related to CE in cattle amounted to almost € 24,000 per year in the examined abattoir during 2010. Sequence analysis showed the presence of G1 (sheep strain) or Echinococcus granulosus sensu strictu in all examined samples. The G1 confirmed, once more, its possible development into several intermediate hosts such as cattle, especially in areas like southern Italy and Sardinia where the lifecycle of the parasite is still to date carried on by sheep and dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

Poglayen

Varcasia

Pipia

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…However, few studies have been carried out on the identification of Echinococcus spp. global concomitant infections (8,29). In this study, an MSR program was used to directly analyze heterozygous base-calling chromatographs and subsequently detect the overlapped sequences and multiple structural variations, including SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(8,29). This can be arisen either from a single infection due to a definitive host concurrently harboring adult worms of the two haplotypes or genotypes, or from consecutive infections of the intermediate host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the following taxonomic positions of these genotypes are defined based on an extensive revision: E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1 -G3), E. equines (G4) that are classified as non-zoonotic strains, and E. ortleppi (G5), E. canadensis (G6-G10) and E. felidis ('lion strain') as zoonotic strains (4-7). However, some genotypes have remained unknown in the consequence of overlapping cycles among various intermediate -definitive hosts (8,9). actions, the occurrence of mixed (dual/triple) infections would not be unexpected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Mixed Infections of Echinococcus Species Based on in Silico Sequence Analysis: A New Way of Reflecting Overlapped Strains in Indigenous Areas

Karimi

Ghasemikhah²,

Spotin

et al. 2017

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Objectives: Hydatidosis, as a cyclo-zoonotic indigenous disease, is marked by various strains and multiple infections around the world where different overlapping cycles of Echinococcus spp. are explicitly circulating among intermediate and definitive hosts. One of the current challenges in Echinococcus taxonomy is associated with the imprecise identification of dual infections in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to genotype Echinococcus strains, particularly those ignored during mixed infections, by employing phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the accurate status of the parasite in endemic areas. Methods: 60 isolates were collected from the liver and lungs of twenty humans, fifteen sheep, fifteen goat, and ten cattle during 2012 -14 in Central Iran. Subsequently, the extraction of DNA was performed, followed by amplification and identification of the DNA through both PCR for internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-rDNA) of ribosomal DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using two endonuclease enzymes: Rsa1 and HpaII. Then, the isolates were directly sequenced in order to accomplish the definite identification of strains/haplotypes. In addition, the mixed infections were analyzed by mixed sequences reader (MSA). Results: The RFLP, phylogenetic analyses of ITS1-rDNA sequences and MSA finding based on analyzed chromatograms strongly revealed the sheep strain (n = 58) and two mixed infection G1 and G6 genotypes (n = 2). The five specific haplotypes that represent moderate diversity indices were identified. The haplotype diversity was estimated to be 0.522, with a nucleotide diversity of 0.02. Conclusions: The G1 was reported to be the dominant strain in the central regions of Iran; however, the first dual discrimination of G1 and G6 genotypes in these regions showed that a sheep-camel/dog life cycle is circulating in central Iran. The current findings can facilitate the parasite taxonomic classification based on in silico analysis particularly about those that are neglected in dual infections. Additional studies are highly needed with a greater sample size and in various regions of Iran.

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Cystic echinococcosis in Turkey: genetic variability and first record of the pig strain (G7) in the country

et al. 2009

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A sample of 22 Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from 12 sheep and ten humans from a focus of cystic echinococcosis in western Turkey was examined by DNA sequencing of four mitochondrial genes (cox1, atp6, nad1, rrnS). Results demonstrated the presence of two species of E. granulosus complex, E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis. Of E. granulosus sensu stricto, the G1 genotype (including three microvariants) was found in 17 isolates from humans and sheep, the G3 genotype and an intermediate form G1/G3 in one isolate each (both from sheep). Of E. canadensis, the pig strain G7 was found in three isolates from sheep and human. This is the first report of this strain in Turkey. Its presence has implications for local control programs due to its shorter maturation rate in dogs compared with E. granulosus sensu stricto. Goat and/or wild boar are likely reservoirs for G7 in the region. We provided further data on the pattern and frequency of nucleotide substitutions within the G1/G3 cluster. Based on our results and GenBank records, G2 (Tasmanian sheep strain) is not considered as a discrete genotypic unit, as its sequences at polymorphic sites conform to microvariants of both G1 and (more often) G3.

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Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines

Cited by 78 publications

References 26 publications

Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

Discrimination of Mixed Infections of Echinococcus Species Based on in Silico Sequence Analysis: A New Way of Reflecting Overlapped Strains in Indigenous Areas

Cystic echinococcosis in Turkey: genetic variability and first record of the pig strain (G7) in the country

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