Echinoderm Eggs and Embryos: Procurement and Culture

Foltz, Kathy R.; Adams, Nikki; Runft, Linda L

doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74003-0

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Individuals were spawned by coelomic injection of 0.5moll -1 KCl within 2-3weeks of collection. Eggs from a single female were then fertilized by a single male, following a protocol outlined elsewhere (Foltz et al, 2004), in ambient CO 2 seawater to ensure the highest fertilization success as low pH levels can compromise this process Parker et al, 2009) (but see Byrne et al, 2009;Byrne et al, 2010). Only batches of eggs with a fertilization success of >90% were used.…”

Section: Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus Collection and Embryo Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early developmental gene regulation in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos in response to elevated CO2 seawater conditions

Hammond

Hofmann

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYOcean acidification, or the increased uptake of CO 2 by the ocean due to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, may variably impact marine early life history stages, as they may be especially susceptible to changes in ocean chemistry. Investigating the regulatory mechanisms of early development in an environmental context, or ecological development, will contribute to increased understanding of potential organismal responses to such rapid, large-scale environmental changes. We examined transcript-level responses to elevated seawater CO 2 during gastrulation and the initiation of spiculogenesis, two crucial developmental processes in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Embryos were reared at the current, accepted oceanic CO 2 concentration of 380 microatmospheres (matm), and at the elevated levels of 1000 and 1350 matm, simulating predictions for oceans and upwelling regions, respectively. The seven genes of interest comprised a subset of pathways in the primary mesenchyme cell gene regulatory network (PMC GRN) shown to be necessary for the regulation and execution of gastrulation and spiculogenesis. Of the seven genes, qPCR analysis indicated that elevated CO 2 concentrations only had a significant but subtle effect on two genes, one important for early embryo patterning, Wnt8, and the other an integral component in spiculogenesis and biomineralization, SM30b. Protein levels of another spicule matrix component, SM50, demonstrated significant variable responses to elevated CO 2 . These data link the regulation of crucial early developmental processes with the environment that these embryos would be developing within, situating the study of organismal responses to ocean acidification in a developmental context.

show abstract

Section: Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus Collection and Embryo Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early developmental gene regulation in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos in response to elevated CO2 seawater conditions

Hammond

Hofmann

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The phylum has an extensive fossil record and a robust phylogeny. Moreover, the embryos of many species are readily available (Foltz et al, 2004) and comparisons can be drawn over a wide range of evolutionary distances. Starfish have emerged as the vanguard for this kind of work, but other classes of echinoderms will follow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm skeletogenesis provides insights into evolution, plasticity and morphogenesis

Ettensohn

2009

Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significant new insights have emerged from the analysis of a gene regulatory network (GRN) that underlies the development of the endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo. Comparative studies have revealed ways in which this GRN has been modified (and conserved) during echinoderm evolution, and point to mechanisms associated with the evolution of a new cell lineage. The skeletogenic GRN has also recently been used to study the long-standing problem of developmental plasticity. Other recent findings have linked this transcriptional GRN to morphoregulatory proteins that control skeletal anatomy. These new studies highlight powerful new ways in which GRNs can be used to dissect development and the evolution of morphogenesis. IntroductionTo understand how development is encoded in the genome, biologists are turning increasingly to system-level approaches. The concept of transcriptional gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is proving to be a powerful one in this context. GRNs are ensembles of genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) and the genes that these proteins regulate. A central component of GRN analysis is the dissection of the cis-regulatory control systems of genes. Cisregulatory systems consist of non-coding DNA sequences that control when and where genes are transcribed. They are often viewed as modular, information-processing systems (Davidson, 2006). GRN analysis attempts to identify not only the functional interactions among genes, but also the relevant cis-regulatory DNA sequences, the proteins that bind to these sequences, and the logic by which cis-regulatory systems control gene transcription.The GRNs that operate during embryonic development (developmental GRNs) are highly dynamic. New interactions between genes are continually established as old interactions are modified or discarded. Inputs from cell signaling pathways, and intrinsic properties of regulatory networks themselves, contribute to the dynamic nature of GRNs (see Davidson, 2006). The genomic regulatory states of embryonic cells, which are a reflection of the concentrations and activities of hundreds of TFs and the global patterns of gene activity they evoke, are thus ever changing.This review considers recent studies that have applied the GRN concept in new and informative ways to examine developmental plasticity (that is, the ability of embryonic cells to switch developmental pathways), morphogenesis, and the evolution of developmental programs. It focuses on a GRN that controls skeletogenesis in sea urchins, a group of animals belonging to the phylum Echinodermata that has proven to be particularly useful for the analysis of GRNs in early development. GRNs that underlie cell specification are presently understood in greater detail in the sea urchin than in any other metazoan embryo, although work is ongoing in several other experimental models (Koide et al., 2005;Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005;Ge et al., 2006;Satou et al., 2008). For general reviews of GRNs in early sea urchin development, and of the methods used to construct and represe...

show abstract

“…Eggs were collected in Millipore-filtered sea water (MPSW) and dejellied by passing them twice through a Nytex mesh of the appropriate pore size (210 µm) (Foltz et al, 2004). Subsequently, the eggs were fertilised and left on a rotator shaker.…”

Section: Sea Urchin Egg Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and Rab7 are key effectors of sea urchin zygote nuclear membrane fusion

Lete

Byrne

Alonso

et al. 2017

Journal of Cell Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics is an important example of the universal phenomena of membrane fusion. The signalling molecules involved in nuclear membrane fusion might also be conserved during the formation of both pronuclear and zygote nuclear envelopes in the fertilised egg. Here, we determine that class-I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are needed for in vitro nuclear envelope formation. We show that, in vivo, PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 is transiently located in vesicles around the male pronucleus at the time of nuclear envelope formation, and around male and female pronuclei before membrane fusion. We illustrate that class-I PI3K activity is also necessary for fusion of the female and male pronuclear membranes. We demonstrate, using coincidence amplified Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) monitored using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), a protein-lipid interaction of Rab7 GTPase and PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 that occurs during pronuclear membrane fusion to create the zygote nuclear envelope. We present a working model, which includes several molecular steps in the pathways controlling fusion of nuclear envelope membranes.

show abstract

Echinoderm Eggs and Embryos: Procurement and Culture

Cited by 55 publications

References 58 publications

Early developmental gene regulation in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos in response to elevated CO2 seawater conditions

Early developmental gene regulation in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos in response to elevated CO2 seawater conditions

Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm skeletogenesis provides insights into evolution, plasticity and morphogenesis

Vesicular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and Rab7 are key effectors of sea urchin zygote nuclear membrane fusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About