Echinoderm toxins—I. Some biochemical and physiological properties of toxins from several species of Asteroidea

Rio, G. J.; Stempien, Martin F.; Nigrelli, Ross F.; Ruggieri, George D.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(65)90008-5

Cited by 40 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this present investigation, crude extract have been isolated from P. linckii using methanol solvent which is a universal solvent could extract even the basic proteins. Rio et al (1965) demonstrated some biochemical and physiological properties from Asteroidea species, with water soluble fractions. Sunahara et al (1987) extracted two toxins from the body extracts of Anthopleura fuscoviridis using methanol as extraction medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytolytic and antinociceptive activities of starfish Protoreaster linckii (Blainvilli, 1893)

Suguna¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Echinoderms are exclusively marine animals. Starfish extracts have drawn attention, because of their wide spectrum of biological effects associated with antifungal, cytotoxic, hemolytic and immunomodulatory activities. The study was carried out to investigate the hemolytic and antinociceptive effect of the methanolic extract of Protoreaster linckii (MEPL) using male albino mice models of chemicals and thermal antinociception. The extract was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg. The hemolytic activity was tested against human, chicken, sheep and goat blood red blood cells (RBCs). The percentage of protein was estimated in the crude extract as 4.14%. Among the ten human pathogens tested, Proteus mirabilis showed the most sensitive activity against 0.75 g/ml (9 mm) of sample compared with positive control (15 mm) and Streptococcus pyogenes showed activity at 0.75 g/ml concentration and no activities was noticed at 0.25 and 0.50 g/ml concentration. The hemolytic activity was high in human blood (128 HU). The crude extract shows dose dependent analgesic effect in male albino mice. The maximum mortality was noticed at 100% concentration, that is, 93.6±1.2 and minimum amount of mortality was noticed at 20% concentration, that is, 22.0±2.1 in brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay. The results from the present study appear to support the steroids belief in the medicinal properties of P. linckii against pain in which the central antinociception activity was found and it has also showed good cytolytic properties against blood RBCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytolytic and antinociceptive activities of starfish Protoreaster linckii (Blainvilli, 1893)

Suguna¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…The only reports of the chemical nature of mucus in marine invertebrates were those of Fontaine (1955), Nigrelli et al (1955), Fieser & Fieser (1956), Fange (1963), Rio et al (1963Rio et al ( , 1965, Feder (1972), Burns et al (1977), Nance & Braithwaite (1979) and Drollet et al (1993). The majority of these studies detected saponin in the mucus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its role as a bu¡er during salinity £uctuations was also examined (Binyon, 1976) and some papers described the nature of mucus in marine invertebrates (Fontaine, 1955;Fieser & Fieser, 1956;Drollet et al, 1993). A number of researchers identi-¢ed saponins as important constituents of mucus in echinoderms, especially in star¢sh and sea cucumbers (Nigrelli et al, 1955;Fange, 1963;Rio et al, 1963Rio et al, , 1965Burns et al, 1977). This research is the ¢rst to propose that mucus, one of its constituents or a chemical emitted with it, plays a determinant role in the ¢ne tuning of gametogenesis among entire populations of echinoderms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucus as a mediator of gametogenic synchrony in the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata)

Hamel¹,

Mercier²

1999

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The data presented here demonstrate that the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa secretes a biologically active mucus that helps maintain gametogenic synchrony among conspecifics. Either a whole mature individual or a sample of its freshly collected mucus was able to initiate gametogenesis in conspecifics that were in the gametogenic recovery stage when other environmental conditions, including daylength, were maintained constant. Similar results were obtained when the mucus was kept in seawater for less than 3 h prior to its use, whereas after 6 h in seawater, the mucus had lost its inducing properties. Laboratory experiments showed that the mucus was produced in lesser amount during late summer and autumn; the production rapidly increased in early January to reach a peak a few months before the June spawning, in 1992 and 1993. The increment of mucus production was concurrent with the initiation of gametogenesis. Synthesis of mucus was maximal in individuals having attained gametogenic maturity and minimum in individuals with less developed gonads. At first relatively stable in seawater, the mucus gradually lost its integrity within a period of 3–5 h, suggesting that the mucus may be carried over long distances by currents, thus allowing a transfer of information before its complete degradation. This phenomenon was observed in the field where streams of mucus could be followed by SCUBA divers as far as 20–30 m away from the secreting animal. The data presented here are the first evidence of the important role played by mucus secretion during the gametogenic processes of an echinoderm.

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“…409 amurensis (Ikegami et al, 1971) and in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (Botticelli et al, 1961). In studying the in vivo metabolism of progesterone in Asferius rubens and Marthasterias glacialis Gaffney and Goad (1974) found the conversion of progesterone into some intermediates, which are supposed to be possibly involved in the biosynthesis of asterosaponins, unique steroid-like compounds present in Asteroidea (Rio et al, 1965;Yasumoto et al, 1966;Grossert, 1972 (Schoenmakers, 1979). The ovaries and pyloric ceca of one not-parasitized female animal were used for this study.…”

Section: Steroidogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biosynthesis of steroids from progesterone by the ovaries and pyloric ceca of the starfish Asterias rubens

Schoenmakers

Voogt

1980

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Echinoderm toxins—I. Some biochemical and physiological properties of toxins from several species of Asteroidea

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Cytolytic and antinociceptive activities of starfish Protoreaster linckii (Blainvilli, 1893)

Cytolytic and antinociceptive activities of starfish Protoreaster linckii (Blainvilli, 1893)

Mucus as a mediator of gametogenic synchrony in the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata)

In vitro biosynthesis of steroids from progesterone by the ovaries and pyloric ceca of the starfish Asterias rubens

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