Echocardiographic assessment of coronary artery flow in normal canines and model dogs with myocardial infarction

Park, Nohwon; Kim, Jaehwan; Lee, Mi-Young; Lee, Soyun; Song, Sooeun; Seung-Jun, Lee; Kim, Soyoung; Park, Yang-Woo; Eom, Kidong

doi:10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.149

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…23 –26 In dogs with mitral valve disease, intramural infarction occurs not uncommonly, potentially as a result of reduced lumen diameter of remodeled coronary arteries causing reduced oxygen delivery, endothelial dysfunction, and increased vascular stiffness. 18,27 –29 In the young beagle dogs described in this report, medial hypertrophy occurs not as a result of an identified pathologic condition, but likely as a physiologic response to pressure within the PM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Medial hypertrophy, or thickening of the vascular smooth muscle, occurs in the heart of dogs spontaneously, and as a result of pathologic processes such as systemic arterial hypertension, mitral valve disease, or subaortic stenosis. [18][19][20] In general, adaptive myogenic responses in the vessel wall occur in response to chronically increased pressure. These thickened vessels allow continued blood flow despite increased perfusion pressure; however, they are more rigid and have decreased sensitivity to vasoactive mediators, thus increasing the risk for ischemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Spontaneous Vascular Findings in the Papillary Muscles of Beagle Dogs

Kohnken

Weber

2020

Toxicol Pathol

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Standard histology trimming practices for toxicity studies in dogs include preparation of a section of the papillary muscle associated with the left ventricular free wall—the anteriolateral or anterior muscle. In contrast, the posteromedial or posterior papillary muscle, associated with the interventricular septum, is not commonly evaluated. In humans, the posterior papillary muscle is more often affected in ischemic myocardial disease, in large part due to the absence of collateral circulation, in contrast to the anterior muscle. Due to the differential vascular supply to the papillary muscles, we sought to determine whether there is a higher incidence of spontaneous coronary vascular changes in the posterior papillary muscle versus the anterior muscle in dogs. The hearts of 30 vehicle-treated or untreated beagle dogs that were euthanized for other purposes were collected and sectioned in a consistent manner to include both papillary muscles for histologic evaluation. The posterior muscle consistently had higher incidences of intramural coronary arteries affected by vascular medial hypertrophy, medial arteriosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and/or disruption or loss of the internal elastic lamina. This observation may have significant implications for the evaluation and characterization of spontaneous and xenobiotic-induced cardiovascular lesions in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Spontaneous Vascular Findings in the Papillary Muscles of Beagle Dogs

Kohnken

Weber

2020

Toxicol Pathol

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“…Conventional echocardiography consists of several modalities. Conventional 2D, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic examinations are common tools for general evaluation of cardiac structure and function, severity assessment, as well as treatment monitoring in dogs (Boon, 2011;Park et al, 2014).…”

Section: Conventional Echocardiography Techniques In Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

The left ventricular functions and heart rate variability in dogs with pulmonic valvular stenosis

Trikhun¹

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Pulmonic valvular stenosis (PS) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in dogs that can lead to the cardiac maladaptation. Also, PS can affect the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, clinical information regarding to systolic function and cardiac ANS alteration in PS dogs had not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cardiac electrical property, left ventricular (LV) function, and to assess cardiac ANS from heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in PS dogs compared with healthy dogs. The dogs in this study were divided into 2 groups, PS dogs (n=13) and healthy control dogs (CONT) (n=12). Physical examination, oscillometric blood pressure measurement and assessments of cardiac function including electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and 30-min heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. The blood sample were collected for determination of complete blood count and blood chemistries. The results showed that all PS dogs had exercise intolerance while 6 developed syncope. ECG findings indicated that PS dogs had higher amplitudes of P, and T waves (P<0.01), deeper S wave, lower R:S ratio (P<0.001) with longer QRS duration than CONT dogs (P<0.001). For cardiac structural and functional studies, the pulmonic flow velocity (PV) and pressure gradient (PG) between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) of PS dogs were significantly higher than CONT dogs (P<0.001). PS dogs had thicker RV free wall (P<0.001) and interventricular septum (IVS) (P<0.01), bigger right atrium (RA) (P<0.001) with smaller LV chamber during diastole and systole compared with CONT dogs (P<0.001). The RV systolic function in PS dogs showed higher pulmonic valve velocity time integral (PVVTI) value (P<0.001) and longer pulmonic valve ejection time (PVET) (P<0.01). However, there was no significantly difference in HRV parameters between groups. PG had positive correlations with amplitudes of P (r=0.597, P<0.01), S (r=0.569, P<0.01) and T waves (r=0.423, P<0.05) and negative correlations with amplitude of R wave (r=-0.599, P<0.01), R:S ratio (r=-0.677, P<0.001) and QRS duration (r=-0.423, P<0.05). Also, PG had positive correlations with IVS during diastole normalized by body weight (IVSdN) (r=0.560, P<0.01), IVS during systole normalized by body weight (IVSsN) (r=0.538, P<0.01), PVVTI (r=0.812, P<0.001), PVET (r=0.408, P<0.05), right ventricular free wall thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (RVFW:LVPW) ratio (r=0.688, P<0.001) and right atrium to left atrium diameter (RA:LA) ratio (r=0.802, P<0.001). In conclusion, RV hypertrophy induced by PS may lead to reduction of LV preload and function. The increased PVET in PS dogs may be one of the cardiac compensations to maintain pulmonary blood flow. However, the unremarkable cardiac ANS changes in PS dogs may not play a crucial role in chronic pathophysiological alteration of the hemodynamics.

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Echocardiographic assessment of coronary artery flow in normal canines and model dogs with myocardial infarction

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Characterization of Spontaneous Vascular Findings in the Papillary Muscles of Beagle Dogs

Characterization of Spontaneous Vascular Findings in the Papillary Muscles of Beagle Dogs

The left ventricular functions and heart rate variability in dogs with pulmonic valvular stenosis

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