Echocardiographic assessment of the different left ventricular geometric patterns in middle‐aged men and women in Tallinn

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the association of left ventricular (LV) geometry with sex, age, arterial hypertension and obesity in Tallinn. In a framework of a population study for cardiovascular risk factors, echocardiography was carried out in 325 men and 398 women (69.3% of all 1043 participants aged 35-59) in 1999-2001. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined if left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM/height and LVM/body surface area were 294 g, 163 g/m and 150 g/m2 in men, and 198 g, 121 g/m and 120 g/m2 in women, respectively. LV geometry was analysed according to four types generally recognized (with regard to relative wall thickness > 0.45). The prevalence of concentric hypertrophy was similar in men and women: 7.7% and 9.1%. The prevalence of eccentric hypertrophy was significantly higher in women than in men (33.3% vs 4.9%). Concentric remodelling was also found in women more often than in men (9.5 vs 5.5%; p < 0.05). Regardless of sex and age, concentric hypertrophy was never found in participants with blood pressure < 140/90. In hypertensives, there was a tendency for age-related increase of concentric hypertrophy prevalence: the latter was higher in women than in men: 39.1% vs 25.5%; p < 0.05. In examinees with BMI < 30, this type of LV geometry was seldom found: in 3.1% of men and 5.0% of women; p < 0.05. In obese persons, it increased with age, reaching 26.5% in men and 21.2% in women (p < 0.05). The prevalence of eccentric hypertrophy in men increased with age, and with hypertension and obesity. The prevalence of concentric remodelling in men was not related to BMI; it was significantly more often found in older age groups and in hypertensives. In women, the prevalence of eccentric hypertrophy and concentric remodelling was not related to age, hypertension or obesity.

Left ventricular geometric patterns in newly presenting nigerian hypertensives: An echocardiographic study

“…In this study twenty eight percent (28%) of the hypertensive subjects had normal geometry while 72% had various altered geometric while 86% of the controls had normal geometry. Previous studies [ 20 - 23 ] carried out in Brazil, United States and Europe showed different frequencies for various LV geometric patterns. Ethnic differences and environmental factors might play an important role in the different geometric patterns.…”

“…Some authors[ 23 , 25 ] have observed that age significantly affects left ventricular structure and geometric patterns. Sumimoto et al [ 26 ] studied 168 patients with hypertension and were grouped into 3 according to age (young <40, middle-aged and elderly >60).…”

Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns in Hypertensive Patients in Nigeria

“… 1 LVH has been widely documented to be an independent cardiac risk factor in hypertensive patients, 2 , 3 and the structural classification of LV geometry also provides useful and additional prognostic information. 4 , 5 Some authors 6 , 7 have observed that age significantly affects LV structure and geometric patterns.…”

Prevalence and Determinants of Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Among Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

“…As for LV geometric patterns, we observed that the concentric pattern was more prevalent among hypertensive patients. Different studies have shown the association of incremental risk of abnormal geometric patterns, with highest in concentric hypertrophy, followed by eccentric hypertrophy and concentric remodeling [31][32][33][34]. The study by Patel et al and Potu et al revealed that concentric remodeling (38.5-52.1% and 30%) was the most common abnormal geometry in the hypertensive population followed by concentric hypertrophy (15.3-28.9% and 14%) and eccentric hypertrophy (3.99-10.3% and 11%) which was the least common type of abnormal geometry [35,36].…”