Echocardiographic correlates of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Biventricular function on early echocardiograms in neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy

“…In another study of 25 asphyxiated and 20 nonasphyxiated term infants, FS and Doppler tissue imaging measures performed during the initial 72 hours of age did not show any significant predictive value for mortality . We have previously shown RV S/D ratio, an index of RV function, was significantly higher in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension or congenital diaphragmatic hernia who died or required ECMO, compared to survivors without ECMO . RV S/D ratio >1.3 had a sensitivity of 93% for prediction of death .…”

Left Ventricular End‐Systolic Eccentricity Index for Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants

“…11 Recently, EIs were evaluated in infants with PPHN, and while different from the control group, EIs were unable to predict outcome. 12 Conversely, in children with idiopathic PH and infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, EIs were significantly higher in children who had a poor outcome (i.e. lower functional class, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, lung transplantation, or death).…”

“…Nonsedated echocardiograms were performed using Philips IE33 (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA) or Siemens SC2000 (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Mountain View, CA, USA) equipment. Probe frequency was selected according to patient size (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Measurements were performed offline (Synapse Cardiovascular version 4.0.9; FUJIFILM Medical Systems U.S.A., Inc., Stamford, CT, USA) and averaged over 3 cardiac cycles.…”

The management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A review

“…[2,3,5,7] PPHN constitutes ~10% of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, with the reported mortality rate ranging from 10 to 20%. [4,5,[8][9][10]…”

“…[5] The echocardiogram is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PPHN (Table 3). [3][4][5]9] Although the echocardiogram is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PPHN, it is often not available in resource-limited settings, therefore other special investigations are of critical importance (Table 4). [13] The traditional comprehensive structural and functional echocardiogram performed by cardiologists can be supplemented by training neonatologists to perform a targeted neonatal echocardiogram (TnEcho) to expedite diagnosis of PPHN and to monitor the response to therapy.…”