Echocardiographic evaluation of regurgitant fraction in dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease: Method comparison, effects of pimobendan, and reproducibility

Ellis-Reis, R.E.; Visser, Lance C.; Hsue, Weihow; Sharpe, Ashley N.; Kaplan, Joanna L.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2022.12.002

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In our study, despite the injection of intravenous pimobendan, no significant differences in SVI or CI from the Control group were observed, possibly be due to the absence of fluid therapy. EDVI and LVIDDN were significantly lower in the PIMO IV group than in the Control group, which is consistent with the results of previous studies that pimobendan reduces LV diastolic diameter ( 14 , 16 , 35 , 36 ). The finding that significant differences in EDVI and LVIDDN were observed only in the PIMO IV group and not the PIMO PO group, may indicate that intravenous administration is more effective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in echocardiographic indices and left ventricular strain values by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography following pre-anesthetic oral pimobendan administration compared with intravenous pimobendan in dogs

Jeong,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionThe effects of pre-anesthetic single-dose oral pimobendan during inhalational anesthesia, including the comparison with the effects of single intravenous pimobendan under anesthesia, remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters induced by pre-anesthetic administration of oral pimobendan under isoflurane general anesthesia and to compare them with those induced by intravenous pimobendan.MethodsThirteen clinically normal dogs (4 laboratory and 9 client-owned dogs) with no clinical signs and not on any medical treatment were included. Anesthesia was performed three times: no pimobendan (Control), oral pimobendan (PIMO PO, 0.3 mg/kg), and intravenous pimobendan (PIMO IV, 0.15 mg/kg). Echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were monitored at 30-min intervals in all groups.ResultsCompared to the Control group, end-systolic volume index (ESVI) and normalized left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (LVIDSN) were significantly lower, and fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were significantly higher in the PIMO PO and IV groups (p < 0.001). Global radial strain (GRS) was significantly higher in the PIMO PO and IV groups (p = 0.015).ConclusionUnder general anesthesia, oral pimobendan preserved LV systolic and myocardial function in a manner comparable to intravenous pimobendan. Pre-anesthetic administration of oral pimobendan can be used to compensate for cardiac systolic function in dogs who require therapeutic and diagnostic procedures under general anesthesia with potential risk of circulatory failure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in echocardiographic indices and left ventricular strain values by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography following pre-anesthetic oral pimobendan administration compared with intravenous pimobendan in dogs

Jeong,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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show abstract

“…In our study, despite the injection of intravenous pimobendan, no significant differences in SVI or CI from the Control group were observed, possibly be due to the absence of fluid therapy. EDVI and LVIDDN were significantly lower in the PIMO IV group than in the Control group, which is consistent with the results of previous studies that pimobendan reduces LV diastolic diameter (14,16,35,36). The finding that significant differences in EDVI and LVIDDN were observed only in the PIMO IV group and not the PIMO PO In a previous study comparing the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous pimobendan, intravenous pimobendan showed a greater maximal concentrations of pimobendan (37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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“…Several medicines (i.e., sacubitril/valsartan, carvedilol, losartan) have been reported to possess reverse remodeling effects [ 27 ], with long-standing treatment, resulting in less LV remodeling and subsequently less mitral annular dilatation. Pimobendan has been shown to reduce severity of MR for both short-term and long-term treatment [ 3 , 28 ]. In short-term treatment with pimobendan, it has been demonstrated recently in dogs with DMVD stage B1 and B2 that the regurgitant fraction was reduced after receiving pimobendan for 7–10 days [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pimobendan has been shown to reduce severity of MR for both short-term and long-term treatment [ 3 , 28 ]. In short-term treatment with pimobendan, it has been demonstrated recently in dogs with DMVD stage B1 and B2 that the regurgitant fraction was reduced after receiving pimobendan for 7–10 days [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pimobendan prevents cardiac dysfunction, mitigates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and preserves myocyte ultrastructure in a rat model of mitral regurgitation

Boonpala,

Saengklub,

Srikam

et al. 2023

BMC Vet Res

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Background Pimobendan has been proven to delay the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR); however, molecular underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate (1) the effects of pimobendan on cardiac function, cardiac mitochondrial quality and morphology, and cardiac ultrastructure in a rat model of chronic MR and (2) the direct effect of pimobendan on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac cells. MR was surgically induced in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats, and sham procedures were performed on 10 rats. Eight weeks post-surgery, the MR rats were randomly divided into two groups: the MR group and the MR + pimobendan group. Pimobendan (0.15 mg/kg) was administered twice a day via oral gavage for 4 weeks, whereas the sham and MR groups received equivalent volumes of drinking water. Echocardiography was performed at baseline (8 weeks post-surgery) and at the end of the study (4 weeks after treatment). At the end of the study protocol, all rats were euthanized, and their hearts were immediately collected, weighed, and used for transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial quality assessments. To evaluate the role of pimobendan on intracellular ROS production, preventive or scavenging properties were tested with H2O2-induced ROS generation in rat cardiac myoblasts (H9c2). Results Pimobendan preserved cardiac functions and structure in MR rats. In addition, pimobendan significantly improved mitochondrial quality by attenuating ROS production and depolarization (P < 0.05). The cardiac ultrastructure and mitochondrial morphology were significantly preserved in the MR + pimobendan group. In addition, pimobendan appeared to play as a ROS scavenger, but not as a ROS preventer, in H2O2-induced ROS production in H9c2 cells. Conclusions Pimobendan demonstrated cardioprotective effects on cardiac function and ultrastructure by preserving mitochondrial quality and acted as an ROS scavenger in a rat model of MR.

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Echocardiographic evaluation of regurgitant fraction in dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease: Method comparison, effects of pimobendan, and reproducibility

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Changes in echocardiographic indices and left ventricular strain values by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography following pre-anesthetic oral pimobendan administration compared with intravenous pimobendan in dogs

Changes in echocardiographic indices and left ventricular strain values by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography following pre-anesthetic oral pimobendan administration compared with intravenous pimobendan in dogs

Table_1.DOCX

Pimobendan prevents cardiac dysfunction, mitigates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and preserves myocyte ultrastructure in a rat model of mitral regurgitation

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