Echocardiography in tetralogy of Fallot

Dadlani, Gul H.; John, J. Blaine; Cohen, Meryl S.

doi:10.1017/s1047951108003260

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The degree of pulmonary stenosis seen can vary depending on the timing of the fetal echocardiogram. Infundibular and pulmonary valve stenosis may progress throughout gestation, and can be followed‐up with serial echocardiograms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CardiovascularZ-scores in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot

Wang

Xie

et al. 2014

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CardiovascularZ-scores in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot

Wang

Xie

et al. 2014

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol

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“…Pink TETs can develop episodic profound hyper-cyanosis "cyanotic spells" with arterial oxygen saturation drop to below 50% and manifest by sudden marked increase in cyanosis, shortness of breath, agitation, and loss of consciousness. These cyanotic spells result from dynamic changes in the pulmonary and systemic resistance which is thought to be due to infundibular muscle spasms with large dynamic increase in RVOT obstruction resulting in severe right to left shunting of blood through the VSD [9].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VSD typically has no appreciable murmur because of its large size and systemic level pressure in the RV. Usually, there is no splitting of second heart sound because of small pulmonary valve and low post-stenotic pulmonary artery pressure [9]. Electrocardiogram shows right ventricular hypertrophy and right axis deviation.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-detector computed tomography in the assessment of tetralogy of Fallot patients: is it a must?

et al. 2020

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Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) accounts for 10% of all CHD. It classically consists of ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic overriding, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, and RV hypertrophy. There are many anatomic variants, associated intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies that must be taken into consideration when imaging and planning the surgical procedure needed. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), with its high spatial and temporal resolution, has a pivotal role in the evaluation of complex anatomical findings in both unrepaired and repaired TOF patients. Main body: Though MDCT has a limited role in the initial diagnosis of TOF, it is particularly important when there is a question about anatomy of pulmonary arteries (PAs) (whether sizable, hypoplastic, or atretic), presence of major aorto-pulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) and presence of additional VSDs. Additionally, MDCT is crucial in the diagnosis of different anatomical variants of TOF. TOF patients with absent pulmonary valve classically have hugely dilated PAs which raise an important question about the degree and severity of airways compression. This question can be accurately answered by MDCT. TOF with double-outlet RV (DORV) has variable degrees of aortic override which can be assessed by MDCT. An atrio-ventricular septal defect (AVSD) is seen in about 13% of TOF cases and typically occurs in patients with Down syndrome. MDCT can assess the size and extent of inlet VSD and size of both ventricles (balanced or unbalanced AVSD). Coronary artery anomalies are common and important association. MDCT can identify the presence of a major coronary artery crossing the RVOT, a left anterior descending (LAD) from RCA, or a dual LAD. The clinical importance of these anomalies is its susceptibility to injury during ventriculotomy incision required for TOF repair necessitating changing the usual approach of surgery. Patients with reduced pulmonary blood flow undergo a systemic to pulmonary shunt. MDCT can assess the patency of the shunt, stenotic, or occluded segments. In surgically repaired TOF patients, MDCT can identify the sequalae and long-term complications including residual RVOT obstruction, conduit stenosis, RVOT patch aneurysm, RVH, and aortic root dilatation.Conclusion: MDCT is a safe and reliable imaging modality that provides accurate assessment of anatomical variants and associated anomalies of TOF.

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“…38 In the majority of infants and children, the diagnosis is established by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) alone.…”

Section: Transthoracic Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality in the initial evaluation and serial assessment of patients with TOF. 38 In the majority of infants and children, the diagnosis is established by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) alone.…”

Section: Transthoracic Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesophageal Echocardiography in Tetralogy of Fallot

Motta

Miller‐Hance

2012

Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth

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Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays an important role in the anatomical, functional, and hemodynamic assessment of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This imaging approach has been applied to both children and adults with a wide range of cardiovascular malformations. Extensive clinical experience documents significant contributions, particularly in the perioperative setting. In fact, in the current medical era, many consider this technology to be an essential adjunct to surgical and anesthetic management in CHD. This review focuses on the applications of TEE in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common form of cyanotic heart disease. Emphasis is given to the perioperative use of this imaging modality and benefits derived during the prebypass and postbypass periods. Limitations and pitfalls relevant to the TEE assessment in patients with this anomaly are also addressed.

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Echocardiography in tetralogy of Fallot

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

CardiovascularZ-scores in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot

CardiovascularZ-scores in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot

Multi-detector computed tomography in the assessment of tetralogy of Fallot patients: is it a must?

Transesophageal Echocardiography in Tetralogy of Fallot

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