Echolocation Call Structure of Fourteen Bat Species in Korea

Abstract

The echolocation calls of bats can provide useful information about species that are generally difficult to observe in the field. In many cases characteristics of call structure can be used to identify species and also to obtain information about aspects of the bat's ecology. We describe and compare the echolocation call structure of 14 of the 21 bat spe cies found in Korea, for most of which the ecology and behavior are poorly understood. In total, 1,129 pulses were analyzed from 93 echolocation call sequences of 14 species. Analyzed pulses could be classified into three types according to the pulse shape: FM/CF/FM type, FM type and FM/QCF type. Pulse structures of all species were con sistent with previous studies, although geographic variation may be indicated in some species. Overall classification rate provided by the canonical discriminant analysis was relatively low. Especially in the genera Myotis and Murina, there are large overlaps in spectral and temporal parameters between species. On the other hand, classification rates for the FM/QCF type species were relatively high. The results show that acoustic monitoring could be a powerful tool for assessing bat activity and distribution in Korea, at least for FM/QCF and FM/CF/FM species.

Bat2Web: A Framework for Real-Time Classification of Bat Species Echolocation Signals Using Audio Sensor Data

“…Earlier, Hughes et al [48] utilized discriminant functional analysis (DFA) on manually grouped audio calls of Thai bat species based on frequency ranges, with classification accuracies of between 70.4% and 96.7%. The application of DFA extended to field sampling enhancements [49] and canonical discriminant analysis for analyzing echolocation call structures [50]. Tabak et al [51] employed the frequency-over-time data derived from zero-crossing (ZC) echolocation signals to train a CNN, successfully classifying 10 species of bats with a testing accuracy of 90%.…”

Dietary composition of two coexisting bat species, Myotis ikonnikovi and Plecotus ognevi, in the Mt. Jumbong forests, South Korea

“…In addition, a study on the spatial behavior and habitat use of P. auritus also reported that it has a small range of space compared to other bats of the Plecotus genus (Starik et al 2021). Based on echolocation type, the two bat species are classified as "narrow space gleaning foragers" or "edge space aerial/trawling foragers" (Fukui et al 2015;Schnitzler et al 2003), and similarly to studies in Central Europe, it is expected that they would require resource partitioning strategies for coexistence (Andreas et al 2012). However, studies on bat ecology have mostly been conducted in Europe or the Americas, whereas such studies are rare in Asia (Heim et al 2021).…”

“…However, studies on bat ecology have mostly been conducted in Europe or the Americas, whereas such studies are rare in Asia (Heim et al 2021). Despite the importance of the Korean Peninsula in the biogeography for Northeast Asian bats, ecological research related to bats is relatively limited compared to other mammals (Chung et al 2015;Fukui et al 2015). In addition, most of the research conducted in Korea mainly focuses on the distribution, home range, habitat use, and echolocation of bats (Chung et al 2009;Chung et al 2010;Kim et al 2018;Yoon et al 2016).…”

Dietary analysis reveals differences in the prey use of two sympatric bat species

“…ussuriensis is larger while the peak frequency is higher and the call duration is smaller compared to the calls of M . ikonnikovi (Fukui et al, 2004 , 2015 ). The intensity of calls from M .…”

“…Although both species use FM calls (frequency modulated), the bandwidth of calls from M. ussuriensis is larger while the peak frequency is higher and the call duration is smaller compared to the calls of M. ikonnikovi (Fukui et al, 2004(Fukui et al, , 2015. The intensity of calls from M. ussuriensis is also lower compared to calls from M. ikonnikovi (Fukui et al, 2004).…”