Eclipse Effects on CO2 Profile within and above Sorghum Canopy

Tominaga, Jun; Kawasaki, Syun-Ichiro; Yabuta, Shin; Fukuzawa, Yasunori; Suwa, Rempei; Kawamitsu, Yoshinobu

doi:10.1626/pps.13.338

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Since CO 2 and H 2 O concentrations and air temperature are substantially di erent within a canopy of the plant from the atmosphere above the tree to the soil surface at the ground level (Al-said et al 2009;Tominaga et al 2010), it is possible that these factors may interact each other and a ect biomass production of individual Jatropha plants in the eld. erefore, the plant density during Jatropha cultivation is potentially one of the determinant factors for maximizing the Jatropha yield.…”

Section: Gas Exchange Performance In Relation To the Leaf Nitrogen Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in Jatropha curcas L.

Fukuzawa

Tominaga

Akashi

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

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Abstracte use of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a source of biofuel has been well-documented. However, the physiological characteristic and growth analysis studies of Jatropha have received considerably lesser attention. In the present study, to con rm the physiological characteristics of Jatropha, we measured the leaf gas exchange characteristics in response to various environmental conditions. Seedlings were grown in 1/5,000 a pots for 2-3 months under greenhouse conditions. Leaf gas exchange rates were measured in a handmade assimilation chamber (26×30×9 cm), in which a fully expanded whole leaf could be set. Based on the leaf gas exchange characteristics, Jatropha was considered to be a C 3 photosynthesis plant. e photosynthetic rate ranged between 10 and 25 µmol m . Application of varying vapor pressure di erence (from 1 to 3 kPa) did not a ect the photosynthetic rate. Photorespiration in Jatropha was 28.5%, which is within the range of typical C 3 plants. Based on the photosynthetic parameters presented in this study, eld performance of Jatropha under severe environmental condition is discussed. Key words:Jatropha curcas L., photosynthesis, photorespiration, leaf position, vapor pressure di erence.In history, fossil fuels have been serving as a central driving force for the development of civilization and industrialization of mankind. However, world oil reserves are being exhausted at an ever increasing rate, which is accompanied by a sharp increase of atmospheric CO 2 , one of the major greenhouse gases. e recent oil crises and growing public awareness of global energy issue have prompted the development of alternative, renewable sources of energy (Ndong et al. 2009). Biomass is a recyclable energy source that is expected to replace fossil fuels (Dyer and Mullen 2008). e use of biomass as a fuel is generally recognized as 'Carbon Neutral' , and hence it is considered to mitigate global warming. Biomass from agricultural products and its by-products can be collected more easily than other biomass. However, the agricultural products are consumed as foodstu s in most instances. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an energy plant in which between 28% and 38% of the seeds consists of oil (Kaushik et al. 2007) that can be converted into a good quality biodiesel by esteri cation with methanol. The seeds also include phorbol-ester which has been reported to be toxic to humans and domestic animals (Goel et al. 2007). For this reason, oil extracted from Jatropha seeds is not suitable for food use at present. Since Jatropha can grow in marginal soils and semiarid climates, this plant has gained increasing attentions as a promising alternative for the production of biodiesel that does not compete with food production. By 2008, Jatropha originals from Mexico had already been planted over an estimated 900,000 ha across the globe (Kant and Wu 2011).Moreover, several Jatropha extension programs have been or being underway in sub-Saharan African countries, such as Tanzania, Zambia, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Kenya, Li...

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Section: Gas Exchange Performance In Relation To the Leaf Nitrogen Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in Jatropha curcas L.

Fukuzawa

Tominaga

Akashi

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Solar eclipses provide a unique opportunity to understand the effects of rapid and progressive light limitations of solar radiation on the biosphere and on trees [19]. Although the effects of a solar eclipse on plant performance have been previously reported [20], its effects on plant physiology and on plant species with varying degrees of shade tolerance remain poorly assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impact of an Eclipse on Photosynthetic Performance of Trees with Different Degrees of Shade Tolerance

Molina‐Montenegro

Átala

Carrasco-Urra

2021

Forests

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Solar eclipses represent a natural and unexpected event for plants that can potentially affect photosynthetic performance at the individual level. This effect, however, has seldom been evaluated. Here, we measured the impact of a total solar eclipse on the photosynthetic rate of different tree species—located in the Bosque Fray Jorge National Park, Chile—with varying degrees of shade tolerance. Specifically, we assessed whether the rapid and progressive light limitation facilitated by a solar eclipse would negatively impact the photosynthetic responses of these tree species and whether their photosynthetic performance would have a greater decrease when the percentage of eclipse shadow was higher, particularly in the less shade-tolerant species. To accomplish this, we compared daily changes in the photosynthetic rates of three tree species during a control (non-eclipse) vs. an eclipse day that occurred on 2 July 2019. Overall, tree species showed differences between a non-eclipse and eclipse day in the daily dynamics of their photosynthetic performance, with this trend being most evident at the peak of the solar eclipse. Additionally, each species showed a different pattern of de-epoxidation in accordance with its degree of shade tolerance. Our results suggest that solar eclipses negatively affect the photosynthesis of the studied Chilean tree species, which may be related to energy dissipation capacity via the de-epoxidation of xanthophyll pigments. This effect was more evident in shade-intolerant species, indicating that eclipses can present different consequences for the overall performance of various plant species.

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“…It is known that the CO 2 concentration inside a plant canopy is lower than the atmosphere during daytime due to photosynthesis (e.g. Tominaga et al ) and the diffusion resistance within the canopy would help retain CO 2 diffusing out from the soil and plants. Kimball et al () irrigated carbonated water onto the soil surface which led to a slight increase in the CO 2 concentration by 4 μmol mol −1 (day time) and 2 μmol mol −1 (day and night) measured at 75% canopy height on cotton canopy even in open air conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal transport of CO₂ from the root‐zone to plant shoot is pH dependent

Shimono

Kondo

Evans

2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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We investigated the fate of carbon dioxide (CO ) absorbed by roots or internally produced by respiration using gas exchange and stable isotopic labeling. CO efflux from detached leaves supplied with bicarbonate/CO solutions was followed over six cycles. CO effluxes were detected when bicarbonate solution at high pH was used, corresponding to 71-85% of the expected efflux. No CO efflux was detected when CO solutions at low pH were used but CO efflux was subsequently detected as soon as bicarbonate solutions at high pH were supplied. By sealing the leaf and petiole in a plastic bag to reduce diffusion to the atmosphere, a small CO efflux signal (14-30% of the expected efflux) was detected suggesting that CO in the xylem stream can readily escape to the atmosphere before reaching the leaf. When the root-zones of intact plants were exposed to CO solutions, a significant efflux from leaf surface was observed (13% of the expected efflux). However, no signal was detected when roots were exposed to a high pH bicarbonate solution. Isotopic tracer experiments confirmed that CO supplied to the root-zone was transported through the plant and was readily lost to the atmosphere. However, little C moved to the shoot when roots were exposed to bicarbonate solutions at pH 8, suggesting that bicarbonate does not pass into the xylem.

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Eclipse Effects on CO₂ Profile within and above Sorghum Canopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L.

Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L.

Differential Impact of an Eclipse on Photosynthetic Performance of Trees with Different Degrees of Shade Tolerance

Internal transport of CO₂ from the root‐zone to plant shoot is pH dependent

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Eclipse Effects on CO2 Profile within and above Sorghum Canopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L.

Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L.

Differential Impact of an Eclipse on Photosynthetic Performance of Trees with Different Degrees of Shade Tolerance

Internal transport of CO2 from the root‐zone to plant shoot is pH dependent

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Product

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Eclipse Effects on CO₂ Profile within and above Sorghum Canopy

Internal transport of CO₂ from the root‐zone to plant shoot is pH dependent