Eco-bio-social determinants of dengue vector breeding: a multicountry study in urban and periurban Asia

Abstract

Objective To study dengue vector breeding patterns under a variety of conditions in public and private spaces; to explore the ecological, biological and social (eco-bio-social) factors involved in vector breeding and viral transmission, and to define the main implications for vector control. Methods In each of six Asian cities or periurban areas, a team randomly selected urban clusters for conducting standardized household surveys, neighbourhood background surveys and entomological surveys. They collected information on vector breeding sites, people's knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding dengue, and the characteristics of the study areas. All premises were inspected; larval indices were used to quantify vector breeding sites, and pupal counts were used to identify productive water container types and as a proxy measure for adult vector abundance. Findings The most productive vector breeding sites were outdoor water containers, particularly if uncovered, beneath shrubbery and unused for at least one week. Peridomestic and intradomestic areas were much more important for pupal production than commercial and public spaces other than schools and religious facilities. A complex but non-significant association was found between water supply and pupal counts, and lack of waste disposal services was associated with higher vector abundance in only one site. Greater knowledge about dengue and its transmission was associated with lower mosquito breeding and production. Vector control measures (mainly larviciding in one site) substantially reduced larval and pupal counts and "pushed" mosquito breeding to alternative containers. Conclusion Vector breeding and the production of adult Aedes aegypti are influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Thus, to achieve effective vector management, a public health response beyond routine larviciding or focal spraying is essential.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

Household survey of container–breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

“…Such practices have been often associated with increase mosquito productivity. A striking example of this issue is the work from Arunachalam and colleagues [59] .…”

Productividad de Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) en viviendas y espacios públicos en una ciudad endémica para dengue en Colombia

“…Se estableció un tamaño de muestra de 2.000 viviendas, distribuidas en 20 conglomerados (cada uno compuesto por 100 viviendas), tamaño igual al utilizado en estudios similares (17). Para la selección de los 20 conglomerados, se siguió la siguiente metodología: sobre un mapa actualizado de Girardot se colocó una cuadrícula con 200 celdas numeradas, cada una correspondiente a un área de 25 hectáreas, de las cuales se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 20, utilizando el programa estadístico Epi-Info, versión 6.04.…”

The biology and demographic parameters of Aedes albopictus in northern peninsular Malaysia

“…The ability to be a competent vector depends on various physical and physiological components associated with life history and demographic traits. In particular, stage specific survivorship [7] , fecundity [8] and abundance [9] are critical to disease transmission.…”