Eco-Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Domestic Habitats

Gürtler, Ricardo E.; Fernández, María del Pilar; Cardinal, Marta Victoria

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64548-9_17

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Realization of the potential of fluralaner treatment to suppress triatomines is contingent on achieving adequate triatomine–dog contact rates, which are determined by relative host availability and exposure patterns [ 22 ]. Nearly all of the dogs included in the study were treated with fluralaner, and roughly 50–65% of them were reportedly tied up to a target site for 3–4 weeks, with other treated dogs ranging freely throughout the compound and nearby areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, bug infection occurred rarely in habitats occupied by chickens and was restricted to adult triatomines that most likely migrated in from domiciles or elsewhere. Although both dogs and cats have frequently been involved in domestic transmission cycles of T. cruzi mediated by T. infestans and other triatomines of public health significance (reviewed in [ 22 , 23 ]), the lack of any strong association between individual vector infection and having a dog or cat blood meal suggests that these hosts played a minor role as post-treatment parasite sources in the study houses. A similar inference can be drawn from the substantial increase in cat blood indices post-treatment while triatomine infection decreased to the all-time local minimum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deltamethrinor fipronil-impregnated dog collars [16,17] and spot-on or pour-on formulations of imidacloprid, cypermethrin and fipronil-permethrin administered to chickens, goats, pigeons and dogs were found to kill triatomines up to 1.5 months post-treatment (MPT) [18][19][20][21], with more limited residual activity than residual spraying with pyrethroids [3]. Using dogs as both a delivery system and target for control is justified on the basis that they frequently are important blood meal sources [22] and reservoir hosts of T. cruzi [23], in addition to being a risk factor for human infection [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2022

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Background Triatomine elimination efforts and the interruption of domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi are hampered by pyrethroid resistance. Fluralaner, a long-lasting ectoparasiticide administered to dogs, substantially reduced site infestation and abundance of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in an ongoing 10-month trial in Castelli (Chaco Province, Argentina). We assessed the effects of fluralaner on vector infection with T. cruzi and blood meal sources stratified by ecotope and quantified its medium-term effects on site infestation and triatomine abundance. Methods We conducted a placebo-controlled, before-and-after efficacy trial of fluralaner in 28 infested sites over a 22-month period. All dogs received either an oral dose of fluralaner (treated group) or placebo (control group) at 0 month post-treatment [MPT]. Placebo-treated dogs were rescue-treated with fluralaner at 1 MPT, as were all eligible dogs at 7 MPT. Site-level infestation and abundance were periodically assessed by timed manual searches with a dislodging aerosol. Vector infection was mainly determined by kDNA-PCR and blood meal sources were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In fluralaner-treated households, site infestation dropped from 100% at 0 MPT to 18–19% over the period 6–22 MPT while mean abundance plummeted from 5.5 to 0.6 triatomines per unit effort. In control households, infestation dropped similarly post-treatment. The overall prevalence of T. cruzi infection steadily decreased from 13.8% at 0–1 MPT (baseline) to 6.4% and subsequently 2.3% thereafter, while in domiciles, kitchens and storerooms it dropped from 17.4% to 4.7% and subsequently 3.3% thereafter. Most infected triatomines occurred in domiciles and had fed on humans. Infected-bug abundance plummeted after fluralaner treatment and remained marginal or nil thereafter. The human blood index of triatomines collected in domiciles, kitchens and storerooms highly significantly fell from 42.9% at baseline to 5.3–9.1% over the period 6–10 MPT, increasing to 36.8% at 22 MPT. Dog blood meals occurred before fluralaner administration only. The cat blood index increased from 9.9% at baseline to 57.9–72.7% over the period 6–10 MPT and dropped to 5.3% at 22 MPT, whereas chicken blood meals rose from 39.6% to 63.2–88.6%. Conclusion Fluralaner severely impacted infestation- and transmission-related indices over nearly 2 years, causing evident effects at 1 MPT, and deserves larger efficacy trials. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2022

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“…Host availability and exposure modify triatomine‐host contact rates (Gürtler et al, 2021). Most of the triatomine foci that persisted after treating dogs with fluralaner were continuously occupied by chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical administration of spot‐on fipronil‐permethrin to dogs killed Rhodnius prolixus over 35 days posttreatment (Ucan‐Mézquita et al, 2019). The fact that dogs are important domestic reservoir hosts of T. cruzi throughout Latin America (Gürtler & Cardinal, 2015), a highly infectious (Enriquez et al, 2014), frequent blood‐meal source (Gürtler et al, 2021; Rabinovich et al, 2011) and a risk factor for vector and human infection (Cohen & Gürtler, 2001), makes them an ideal delivery system and target for control (Travi, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, by treating dogs with fluralaner in the Argentine Chaco

Laiño

Cardinal

Gaspe

et al. 2021

Medical Vet Entomology

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We assessed whether fluralaner administered to outbred healthy dogs reduced or supressed site infestation and abundance of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). We conducted a placebo‐controlled before‐and‐after efficacy trial in 28 infested sites in Castelli (Argentine Chaco) over 10 months. All 72 dogs initially present received either an oral dose of fluralaner (treated group) or placebo (control group) at month 0 posttreatment (MPT). Preliminary results justified treating all 38 control‐house dogs with fluralaner 1 month later, and 71 of 78 existing dogs at 7 MPT. Site‐level infestation and triatomine abundance were evaluated using timed manual searches with a dislodging aerosol. In the fluralaner‐treated group, infestation dropped significantly from 100% at baseline to 19% over 6–10 MPT whereas mean abundance fell highly significantly from 5.5 to 0.8–0.9 triatomines per unit effort. In the placebo group, site infestation and mean abundance remained stable between 0 and 1 MPT, and strongly declined after fluralaner administration from 13.0−14.7 ‐ triatomines at 0–1 MPT to 4.0–4.2 over 6–10 MPT. Only one of 81 noninfested sites before fluralaner treatment became infested subsequently. Fluralaner significantly reduced the site‐level infestation and abundance of pyrethroid‐resistant T. infestans and should be tested more widely in Phase III efficacy trials.

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Dogs and Their Role in the Eco-epidemiology of Chagas Disease

Gürtler

Cardinal

2020

Parasitology Research Monographs

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Eco-Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Domestic Habitats

Cited by 17 publications

References 221 publications

Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

Control of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, by treating dogs with fluralaner in the Argentine Chaco

Dogs and Their Role in the Eco-epidemiology of Chagas Disease

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