Eco-friendly and inexpensive food grade bioethanol for Eugenia uniflora L. chromatographic fingerprinting: A trade-off between separation and sustainability

Reaction of the Phytochemistry Community to Green Chemistry: Insights Obtained Since 1990

“…A trade-off between chemical information and environmental impact in chromatographic fingerprinting was proposed by Funari et al when developing a HPLC method to fingerprint Casearia sylvestris and Bauhinia forficata leaves. This idea was further improved by Souza et al for the optimization of a Eugenia uniflora chromatographic fingerprinting using DoE. According to this new proposal, chromatographic fingerprinting optimization could be achieved by applying a response function called green chromatographic fingerprinting (GCF), as in eq . GCF = italicn italicx ( FP / MP ) ( n / t rl ) where n is the total number of peaks in a chromatogram, x is the exponent of n (0–2, according to the goal of the analyst), and t rl is the retention time of the last eluted peak.…”

“…HPLC-EAT has been applied to assess the comparative greenness of new sample preparation and HPLC methods with benchmark processes for various plant materials. ,,,,,, However, as one can deduce from eq , despite its acronym, this metric can be used to measure the impact of any technique used in natural products chemistry employing solvents, from sample preparation to the final analysis or purification of a metabolite (e.g., SLE, LLE, SPE, CC, MPLC, HPLC, prep-HPLC, and CCC), no matter the scale used. The major drawback of the HPLC-EAT is that it does not consider adequately energy consumption and extraction/separation efficiency of the unit operations assessed.…”

“…Strategies i and ii were employed successfully to replace MeOH and CH 3 CN with EtOH in HPLC-PAD/UV fingerprinting studies of Casearia sylvestris , Bauhinia forficata , Bidens pilosa , Cynara scolynus , and Glycine max , ,,, whereas strategy iii was explored for the metabolite profiling of Lippia sidoides . Recent studies have demonstrated that even inexpensive food-grade bioethanol obtained from fermentation processes of sugar cane can be used in UHPLC-PAD/UV metabolite profiling of Eugenia uniflora and propolis from Baccharis dracunculifolia , with an efficiency superior to reference methods, while reducing the environmental impact of chromatographic analysis. , Even if MS grade EtOH is not yet commercially available, it could become a reality if natural product scientists demand that fine chemical companies offer it.…”

“…FP and MP are the number of peaks in the half of the chromatogram with less and more peaks, respectively. For optimization purposes, it is important to consider as the chromatogram only the section in between the dead time ( t 0 ) and the retention time of the last eluted peak ( t rl ), then divide this section in two equal time lengths and count the number of peaks in each half …”

Influence of Major Polyphenols on the Anti-Candida Activity of Eugenia uniflora Leaves: Isolation, LC-ESI-HRMS/MS Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

“…The growing interest in this species is evidenced by the increase in the number of publications in recent years. Publications using the leaves focus on in vitro and/or in vivo research into the pharmacological properties of its extracts and fractions [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]; evaluation of their toxicological safety [ 17 , 18 ]; development of efficient methodologies and strategies for obtaining, identifying, characterizing, and quantifying their constituents [ 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In addition, there are reports on the development of intermediate products and pharmaceutical formulations containing leaf extracts of the species [ 22 , 23 ].…”