Eco‐Friendly Approach to Synthesize Selenium Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Degradation of Sunset Yellow Azo Dye and Anticancer Activity

Abstract

This report has two principal goals. First, to synthesis Se nanoparticles (Se-NPLs) via a green approach. Secondly, to explore the photocatalytic activity of Se-NPLs towards the decolorization of sunset yellow (SSY) azo-dye and to test its activity against some types of human cancers. Green synthesis of Se-NPLs from the leaf extracts of Drumstick was developed. Bio-synthesized Se-NPLs were characterized using FTIR, UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis Xray (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The UV-vis absorption maximum between 200 and 400 nm was due to the formation of SPR of Se-NPLs. FTIR revealed the Se-NPLs were synthesized, capped and stabilized with biomolecules present in the plant extracts. Se-NPLs exhibited an excitation peak at 399 nm and produced an emission peak at 599 nm. EDAX profile provided a signal of atomic Se (1.45 Kev).XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of Se-NPLs. SEM and TEM observations show that spherical Se particles appeared with diameters ranging from 23 to 35 nm. A possible mechanism of the reduction of (SeO 3 2 À ) to (Se 0 ) was discussed. The electrical conductivity was measured with temperature and the activation energy was calculated. The photocatalytic study conducted that Se-NPLs have the efficiency to degrade sunset yellow dye and the mechanism of degradation has been proposed. Se-NPLs have been shown to be effective against three types of human cancers (Caco-2 cells, HepG2 cells, and Mcf-7 cells). Se-NPLs are potent anticancer and inhibit the growth of the three cancer cells as indicated by the IC 50 values. To conclude, the green-synthesized Se-NPLs may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for some human cancer treatment.

Recent Advances in Semiconducting Monoelemental Selenium Nanostructures for Device Applications

“…Hassanien et al [175] gave the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Se nanoparticles synthesized by Moringa oleifera leaf extract technique. The excitation peak is at ≈399 nm (Figure 12a) while the emission peak is located at ≈599 nm (Figure 12b), [176] in good accordance with other works of literature. [177,178] The excitation result was consistent with λ max of the reaction medium at 400 nm, and the peak at 599 nm in the emission spectrum could be due to the formation of Se particles.…”

“…The emission spectrum from an ensemble of Se nanoparticles pumped at 350 nm is plotted with red trace, demonstrating that the PL spectrum from 400 to 700 nm shows peak intensity at 416 nm and a maximum intensity at 580 nm (Figure 12c), [179] consistent with other reported PL spectra of Se nanoparticles. [176] Figure 10. a) UV-vis absorption spectra of the reaction mixture after selenious acid had been added to hydrazine at a predetermined time.…”

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles mediated from Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb extract and its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, mosquitocidal and photocatalytic activities

“…A high-pressure halogen lamp was used as light source. The MB aqueous solution along with loaded SeNPs was stirred for 80 min to confirm the absorption–desorption equilibrium of MB dye molecules on the surface of the catalyst 31 . The photocatalytic efficiency of SeNPs was evaluated as per Kalaimurugan et al 32 protocol.…”

Tunable photoluminescence properties of selenium nanoparticles: biogenic versus chemogenic synthesis

“…Although Se lacks of free conduction electrons, the light irradiation of SeNPs can cause exciton resonance or transition to occur [61][62], determining the development of unique optical properties of NPs. Furthermore, it has been reported how SeNPs exhibit various absorption behaviors, mostly because of the different synthetic procedures that give rise to a variety of final products in terms of size, shape, and surrounding optical environment, and, therefore, the quantum confinement effect, which is regulated by the NP average diameter [17]. Here, the optical properties of either biogenic or chemogenic SeNPs were strongly influenced by their size and polydispersity.…”

“…For instance, optical and photoluminescence (PL) properties of these metal NMs [14] can be exploited for the generation of sound and innovative nanosensors and imaging markers, avoiding the need for additional fluorescent tags (proteins or dyes), which often leads to observational artifacts [15]. On this matter, metal or metal-based NSs have been studied in depth for their optical and PL features, yet this knowledge in the case of SeNSs is still lagging [6,[16][17]. Indeed, only few research groups started in the last 4 years to focus on the possibility to use chemogenic SeNSs for eukaryotic cell imaging, exploiting the ability of Se nanoproducts to emit light beyond the so-called biological window (300-500 nm), where cellular components (e.g., collagens and flavins) fluoresce, causing interference with most of the organic fluorescent compounds or Quantum Dots (QDs) [15][16].…”