Eco-friendly de-lignified and raw Celosia argentea waste solid biofuel: Comparative studies and machine learning modelling

Thermally modified nanocrystalline snail shell adsorbent for methylene blue sequestration: equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, artificial intelligence, and DFT studies

“…Furthermore, the C–H stretch value between 3000 and 2850 cm −1 shows the alkyl C–H stretch, and the pristine CaO recorded a similar value of 2978 cm −1 . The characteristic metal oxide (Me–O adsorption band in the range of (400–800 cm −1 ) 52,53 was noted in the snail shell, although weak at 705 cm −1 , and a strong Me–O adsorption band was observed in CaO, as noted in Table 2 and Fig. 4, respectively, thereby suggesting the formation of a Ca–O functional group due to the removal of carbon dioxide.…”

Amaranthus hybridus waste solid biofuel: comparative and machine learning studies

“…The nding of this research is in tandem with our previous study. 27 This shows that the delignication had an appreciable impact on the biomass samples as presented in Table 2.…”

“…The binder, cassava starch, was purchased in Abeokuta, Ogun state. Based on earlier research that showed starch-based binders' function best at a 4 : 1 biomass/binder ratio, 31,32 the dried sample of alkali-treated and untreated pulverized Amaranthus hybridus waste was weighed into a mixing vessel. To produce a slurry, the components were thoroughly combined with a small amount of water.…”

“…54,55 PTEs are chemically stable and toxic at high concentrations, which has been demonstrated over time by numerous research and may contribute to ophthalmic, respiratory, and dermatological disorders. 8,27 As shown in Table 5 below, the percentage concentration of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), bromine (Br), etc. are conspicuously negligible for both the UAHB and TAHB.…”

“…Studies have proven that the quality of biofuels from biomass (plant and animal) sources can be enhanced and improved by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a pretreatment for delignication. [23][24][25][26] In addition, previous studies have reported the NaOH pre-treatment of cabbage waste, 8 Celosia argentea 27 and acid-pretreated bean chaff 28 for briquette production. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the effect of alkaline pre-treatment on the physico-chemical, combustibility, and environmentally friendly nature of solid biofuel made from Amaranthus hybridus, with an emphasis on (i) the utilization of Amaranthus hybridus waste in order to produce solid biofuel.…”