Eco-friendly Multifunction Petroleum Additives: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation

Abstract

A B S T R A C T ZDDP (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate) is one of the most commonly used petroleum additives as anti-wear, anti-rust and anti-oxidant but it has

Synthesis and properties of urea greases based on aminoamides of plant oil phosphatides

“…The use of the PC borates did not result in the improvement of antioxidation stability, although by thermogravimetric analysis, the beginning of its weight loss increased by 50 °C [12] compared with the original product, which made up 190 °C [10]. Among all the options, examined in paper [11], it was possible to improve the antioxidation resistance of the PC by the interaction of glycerophospholipids with polyphenol (quercetin) with the formation of a chain-like structure by hydrogen bond and the formation of phenolipids. In [9], the additive, named by the authors "Phospholidin" that was introduced to the composition of bentonite grease, was obtained by the PC transamidation with oxyethylene-diamine.…”

“…At the same time, the existence of two active elements (P, N) simultaneously increases the tribological properties of lubricating compositions [9,10]. However, these lubricant compositions are characterized by low thermo-oxidative stability [9,11], due to the existence of triglyceride groups and double bonds in the acyl residues of unsaturated higher fatty acids. That is why it is possible to use the PC as an additive to lubricants only for friction nodes that operate at moderate temperatures.…”

“…Among them, soybeans gave the highest harvest -335.35 million tons, rapeseed -68.20 million tons, sunflower seeds -54.98 million tons, cotton seeds -The use of the PC in high-temperature lubricants requires an additional introduction of oxidation inhibitors or its modification. In paper [11], the antioxidation stability of lubricating systems with the PC, oxidation inhibitors and its modifications were explored. The addition of soybean PC to mineral oil reduced its resistance to oxidation, while performed modifications by various processes of fractionation, oil removal and hydroxylation did not change the value of this indicator.…”