Eco-friendly production of anti-UV and antibacterial cotton fabrics via waste products

A recent (2009–2021) perspective on sustainable color and textile coloration using natural plant resources

“… Part 1: Top 10 Plants studied for natural dyes. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) & Peels Anthocyanin ∼ 14.7 (Hemp) 13.2 (Wo) 9.4 (Co) 6.4 (Lyocell) 19-0405 TCX 8–1112 TCX 18-0724 TCX 18–0510 TCX 17-1129 TCX 17–1113 TCX 17-0929 TCX 17–0636 TCX 17-0517 TCX 16–1133 TCX 16-1126 TCX 16–1120 TCX 16-1118 TCX 16–1108 TCX 16-0928 TCX 16–0737 TCX 16-0730 TCX 16–0726 TCX 15-1116 TCX 15–1040 TCX 15-0719 TCX 15–0533 TCX 15-0522 TCX 14–0925 TCX 14-0721 TCX 13–0919 TCX 10YR/3/2 10YR/6/4 10YR/6/6 10YR/6/8 10YR/7/4 10YR/7/6 10YR/8/6 7.5YR/5/8 7.5YR/6/6 5Y/8/8 2.5Y/4/2 2.5Y/5/4 2.5Y/5/6 2.5Y/6/6 2.5Y/6/4 2.5Y/7/4 2.5Y/8/4 (H/Y ∼ YR; V/3–8; C/2–8) ( Ghaheh et al., 2012 ; Mahmud-Ali et al., 2012 ; Davulcu et al., 2014 ; Ajmal et al., 2014 ; Ebrahimi and Parvinzadeh Gashti, 2016 ; Benli and Bahtiyari, 2018a ; Čuk and Gorjanc, 2017 ; Rehman et al., 2018 ; Baseri, 2020 ; Inprasit et al., 2020 ; Peran et al., 2020 ) Madder ( Rubia tinctorum ) & Roots Alizarin ∼ 18.4 (Nylon) 15.8 (Wo) 8.8 (Co) 19-1234 TCX 19–1540 TCX 19-1103 TCX 18–1440 TCX 18-1433 TCX 18–1326 TCX 18-1230 TCX 18–1016 TCX 17-1424 TCX 15–1333 TCX 14-1318 TCX 10R/3/8 10R/4/4 10R/4/8 10R/4/8 10R/5/8 10R/6/8 10R/8/10 7.5YR/4/4 5YR/3/4 2.5YR/2/2 2.5YR/7/8 (H/R-YR; V/2–8; C/2–10) ( Barani and Maleki, 2011 ; Zarkogianni et al., 2011 ; Farizadeh et al., 2010 ; Deveoglu et al., 2012a , Deveoglu et al., 2012b ; Sadeghi-Kiakhani, 2015 ; Grifoni et al., 2014 ; Parvinzadeh Gashti et al., 2014 ; Tayade and Adivarekar, 2016 ; Sadeghi-Kiakhani et al., 2018b ; Fröse et al., 2019 ; …”

“… Antibacterial/Antimicrobial Quince leaves, Tectona grandis L. leaves extract, Rheum emodi L., henna, pomegranate, thyme, gallnut extract, gromwell, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Bixa orellana seed, Acacia arabica bark, Chinese gall, green tea, coffee, pinecone, pineapple peel waste, pomegranate rind, buckwheat hull, Croton urucurana Baill. bark, green tea, turmeric, Commiphora of the Burseraceae shrub, Saraca asoca and Albizia lebbeck, Citrus grandis Osbeck, henna, Walnut Sheel, Cochineal, madder, weld, onion skin, pineapple peel waste ( Cerempei et al., 2016 ; Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018a , Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018b ; Khan et al., 2012 ; Alebeid et al., 2020a , Alebeid et al., 2020b ; Davulcu et al., 2014 ; Rehman et al., 2018 ; Lee et al., 2015 ; Hong et al., 2012 ; Ebrahimi and Parvinzadeh Gashti, 2015 ; Chattopadhyay et al., 2015 ; Zhang et al., 2014 ; Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018a , Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018b ; Hong, 2018 ; Lee et al., 2018 ; Sheikh et al., 2019 ; Baseri, 2020 ; Inprasit et al., 2020 ; Peran et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ; dos Silva et al., 2020 ; Shahmoradi Ghaheh et al., 2014 ; Lee et al., 2017 ; Baliarsingh et al., 2012 ; Yi and Yoo, 2010 ; Yusuf et al., 2012 ; Ghaheh et al., 2012 ; Sadeghi-Kiakhani et al., 2018b ; Pawar et al., 2019 ; Sheikh et al., 2019 ; Inprasit et al., 2020 ; Lee et al., 2020 ; Haji, 2012 ) UV protective Henna, Bixa orellana seed, Acacia arabica bark, Marigold (Tagetes erecta), Peanut skin roasted, Pineapple peel waste, A. nilotica, buckwheat hull, Golden shower pods, Neem bark, Andaman satinwood leave, Burma padauk bark, Sappan, Acacia bark, Croton urucurana Baill bark, Equisetum arvense L., Oak Bark Extract, curcurmin, H. italicum (Roth) G. Don (curry plant), R...…”

“…Recent technology has been employed to extract and separate natural colorants quickly and uniformly with expected purity. The successful implementation of innovative technology provides a novel approach to the utilization of agricultural wastes ( Baseri, 2020 ; Kumar et al., 2019 ; Erdem Işmal et al., 2013 ; Sukemi et al., 2019 ; Rossi et al., 2017 ).…”

Bio-mordants: a review

“…One of the different mordant substances used in natural dyeing is whey. Baseri ( 2020 ) used pomegranate peel as a natural dye and whey as a bio-mordant to dye cotton fabric. It has been stated that samples with sufficient color fastness and color strength can be obtained.…”

Green dyeing is all-natural, fabric, dye and mordent

“…Some of metallic or metal salts are used in dyeing of natural dyes as mordants like alum, tannin, potassium dichromate, ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, and tannic acid 13 are used to develop wide range of shades after complexing with the natural dyes compounds, However, Most of metallic salts can harm public health by using only small amount of them due to its toxicity, also they are lead to diseases when occur union between these non-degradable and toxic ions with living organisms in the food chain as result of wastewater pollutants which consequently harms the environment. 14 For protecting the environment of these impacts, some trails are investigated by using a natural mordent as alternative of metal salts or synthetic mordent to increase the dyeing fastness properties of natural dyes. In this study, ovalbumin is used as a natural mordant to improve the affinity of cotton fabrics to natural dye.…”