Eco-friendly synthesis of cardanol-based AB monomer for formaldehyde-free phenolic thermosets

Briou, Benoît; Jego, Lucas; Miguel, Thomas De Dios; Duguet, Nicolas; Caillol, Sylvain

doi:10.1039/d3su00058c

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…BPA has been classified as carcinogen, mutagen and reprotoxic (CMR), being prohibited in many countries (Moreman et al, 2017). Due to the unpredictable fluctuations of the oil price and production, the nonrenewable nature of fossil derivatives, as well as the growing concerns regarding environmental protection, academic and industrial research have turned their attention to the development of materials based on natural and renewable compounds that are environmentally-safe (Wang et al, 2020;Derradji et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022;Briou et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and recyclable thermosets with performances for high technology sectors. An environmental friendly alternative to toxic derivatives

et al. 2023

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This study focuses on the development of environmentally friendly and chemically recyclable thermosets using or a renewable based monomer, the triglycidyl ether of phloroglucinol (TGPh), or a commercial non-toxic tris(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane triglycidyl ether (THPMTGE) monomer. The recyclable polyester thermosets were prepared by crosslinking the two monomers with hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (HMPA) or methyl nadic anhydride The TGPh-based formulations exhibited lower reaction temperatures and narrower reaction intervals. Additionally, these systems showed higher tan δ values (189°C–199°C), higher crosslinking densities (7.6–7.8 mmol cm−3) and compact networks, crucial for high-performance industries. Tensile tests demonstrated the remarkable mechanical properties of the thermosets, including high Young modulus (1.3–1.4 GPa), tensile stress (55–69 MPa), and an elongation at break around 3%–8%. Moreover, the thermosets exhibited complete dissolution at a temperature of 170°C, with depolymerization times of approximately 2.5 h for TGPh-based resins and 4.5 h for THPMTGE-based formulations. In conclusion, this study shows that sustainable and eco-friendly thermosets with excellent physico-chemical and thermo-mechanical properties, low hydrophilicity, and rapid dissolution capacity can be developed. These thermosets offer a viable alternative to non-recyclable and toxic resins in high-end industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and recyclable thermosets with performances for high technology sectors. An environmental friendly alternative to toxic derivatives

et al. 2023

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One step beyond for CNSL‐based plasticizers for PVC: Use of cardol

Gartili,

Caillol,

Briou

et al. 2024

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a widely employed plastic across diverse industries and is often associated with plasticizers, additives that decrease the inherent rigidity and brittleness of the material. Conventional phthalate‐based plasticizers raise substantial toxicity concerns, encouraging the exploration of bio‐based alternatives. One such alternative is the inedible oil, cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), mainly composed of cardanol and cardol. Recent efforts have focused on developing a cardanol‐based PVC plasticizers but the isolation of cardanol involves time‐consuming, energy‐intensive, and costly steps, limiting its market competitiveness. This study aims to assess for the first time, the efficiency of cardol esters, synthesized using acetic acid and different fatty acids (octanoic acid and myristic acid), in order to evaluate the influence of the alkyl chain on plasticizer properties. The chemical structures of these plasticizers were fully characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties and thermal behavior of PVC films plasticized with these additives were investigated. Finally, the endocrine activity was evaluated for cardol and cardanol acetates.

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Continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol for greener synthesis of bio-based monomers

Kulkarni,

Kulkarni

2024

J Flow Chem

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Eco-friendly synthesis of cardanol-based AB monomer for formaldehyde-free phenolic thermosets

Abstract: Phenolic thermosets are mainly synthesized from two very toxic and petroleum-based molecules, phenol and formaldehyde. This study aims at replacing these two species with a unique bio-based phenolic molecule bearing...

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Sustainable and recyclable thermosets with performances for high technology sectors. An environmental friendly alternative to toxic derivatives

Sustainable and recyclable thermosets with performances for high technology sectors. An environmental friendly alternative to toxic derivatives

One step beyond for CNSL‐based plasticizers for PVC: Use of cardol

Continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol for greener synthesis of bio-based monomers

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