“…Therefore, the photocatalytic oxidation of HMF occurs via the generation of radicals in the reaction solution. 42 Moreover, a linear correlation between ln(C 0 /C) and the reaction time was obtained for the four MO NPs, and the oxidation reaction processes were fitted with pseudo-first-order kinetics to determine the first-order rate constants (k) for the photocatalytic reaction of each MO NPs (Figure S1). The k values for the pristine ZnO, WO 3 , ZnO−NaBH 4 , and WO 3 − NaBH 4 NPs were calculated to be 3.44 × 10 −2 , 2.73 × 10 −2 , 0.122, and 0.117 h −1 , respectively.…”