Ecoepidemiologia da esquistossomose urbana na ilha de Itamaracá, Estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: Em 1988, 22 casos autóctones de esquistossomose foram registrados na Praia do Forte Orange, ilha de Itamaracá, Pernambuco. Todos os casos ocorreram em indivíduos de classe média/alta que veraneavam na ilha. Foi realizado estudo com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar criadouros/focos de vetores da esquistossomose na localidade, correlacionando os determinantes biológicos da doença com o contexto ambiental da sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: Foram levantados dados secundários para resgatar as características ambientais da área antes da ocupação humana. O inquérito malacológico teve a duração de um ano com mapeamento da área, coleta mensal e exame dos moluscos. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: Em 1 km de extensão da praia, foram identificados 20 criadouros e demarcadas 28 estações de coleta. Os resultados mostram a variação mensal da densidade populacional de moluscos e das taxas de infecção, correlacionados com sazonalidade e tipos de criadouros. Destaca-se a importância desse novo perfil epidemiológico da esquistossomose em Pernambuco, relacionando o modo de ocupação daquele espaço com o estabelecimento de sítios de transmissão ativa da esquistossomose.

Treatment of human acute schistosomiasis with oxamniquine induces an increase in interferon-gamma response to Schistosoma mansoni antigens

“…However, it is gradually expanding into some coastal regions of the state of Pernambuco, due to the exodus of rural workers to the urban areas, resulting in unusual outbreaks of acute schistosomiasis (Barbosa et al 1998(Barbosa et al , 2000(Barbosa et al , 2001. Although immunological responses have been extensively examined in chronic patients, relatively few studies have been carried out with human acute schistosomiasis (Montenegro et al 1999, Ribeiro de Jesus et al 2002.…”

Rural tourism: a risk factor for schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil

“…Several occurrences have been reported in the metropolitan regions of Belo Horizonte (Enk et al 2003, Massara et al 2008, Recife (Barbosa et al 2000(Barbosa et al , 2001a and Aracaju (de Jesus et al 2002) and in the countryside of São Paulo (Tomé et al 2003). The present paper confirms this observation and corroborates previous reports of increasing schistosomiasis transmission, especially in urban areas where mostly middle and upper class people, who have never been in contact with the disease, are becoming infected and suffering from the acute form of schistosomiasis.…”

“…Together with the development of the tourism business and a lack of basic sanitation infrastructure, schistosomiasis cases have been frequently recorded in several Brazilian regions (Barbosa et al 2000, 2001a, b, de Jesus et al 2002, Tomé et al 2003, Enk et al 2003, Massara et al 2008). Many of the tourists, who have never been exposed to the disease, can develop its acute form.…”

Spatial pattern, water use and risk levels associated with the transmission of schistosomiasis on the north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil

“…This phenomenon can be seen through new foci of the disease vectors found in coastal and tourist areas in Pernambuco, where peridomestic foci are commonly found, and even domestically in the houses of low income families. Active transmission sites have also been detected in summer homes frequented by individuals from the middle and upper social classes 1,2,3,4,5 .…”

“…This phenomenon can be seen through new foci of the disease vectors found in coastal and tourist areas in Pernambuco, where peridomestic foci are commonly found, and even domestically in the houses of low income families. Active transmission sites have also been detected in summer homes frequented by individuals from the middle and upper social classes 1,2,3,4,5 .Factors such as exposure time, and intensity of human contact with water contaminated by human feces, are directly related to the incidence of schistosomiasis. The pattern of human contact with water is complex and highly variable, but it serves to provide an important explanation for the epidemiological differences between infected population groups.…”