Ecoepidemiology and Potential Transmission of Vibrio cholerae among Different Environmental Niches: An Upcoming Threat in Egypt

Ismail, Eman M.; Kadry, Mona; Elshafiee, Esraa A.; Ragab, Eman A.; Morsy, E.A.; Rizk, Omar; Zaki, Manal M.

doi:10.3390/pathogens10020190

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Normally heavy metals are present in water in low concentrations, but extensive anthropogenic activities lead to increase levels of metals in water to become toxic concentrations that are capable to accumulate causing damage to ecological system under certain environmental conditions. (Jefferies and Firestone, 1984;Freedman, 1989;Ismail et al, 2021;Mahjoub et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals concentration patterns in the Atlantic horse meckrel (Trachurus trachurus), the Round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and the Common panadora (Pagellus erythrinus) from northwestern Egyptian coasts

al.¹

2022

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals concentration patterns in the Atlantic horse meckrel (Trachurus trachurus), the Round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and the Common panadora (Pagellus erythrinus) from northwestern Egyptian coasts

al.¹

2022

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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“…Study prevalences ranged from 100% in case reports to zero, for example, this often represented rarely captured species that did not yield evidence of exposure to the pathogen. Mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) (n = 381) [53, 73, 90, 94, 99] appeared to be the most captured and examined wild species, while domestic chickens (n = 552), both backyard and experimentally inoculated, were the most commonly examined domestic species [65, 76, 87, 88, 91, 97]. Wilson’s Plover ( Charadrius wilsonia ), a species of shorebird that was examined in Venezuela (n = 16/16), had the highest cross-sectional study prevalence for any wild bird captured, with a prevalence of 100% [80].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in a study of Egyptian backyard poultry (chickens, turkeys, and waterfowl), 36% of examined birds were positive for V. cholerae , including chickens and turkeys [76]. Domestic chickens accounted for 13 total study records, across geographical areas as varied as the United States, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Iraq, and India, and reported as early as 1972 [65, 76, 87, 88, 91, 97, 110, 112, 120, 125]. On the other hand, another surprising result was the low prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species cultured from seabirds that were sampled from the New England region of the United States, with only one of 192 birds testing positive for Vibrio cholerae , non-O1 [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-analysis of Pathogenic Vibrios Species in Wild and Domestic Birds

Ayala

Ogbunugafor

2022

Preprint

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Of the over 100 species in the genus Vibrio, approximately twelve are associated with clinical disease, such as cholera and vibriosis. Crucially, eleven of those twelve--V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. cincinnatiensis, V. hollinsae, e.g., Grimontia hollinsae, V. furnissii, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. harveyi, V. scophthalmi and V. metschnikovi--have also been isolated from birds. Since 1965, pathogenic Vibrio species have been consistently isolated from aquatic and ground-foraging bird species, which has implications for public health, as well as the One Health paradigm defined as an ecology-inspired, integrative framework for the study of health and disease, inclusive of environmental, human, and animal health. In this meta-analysis, we identified 76 studies from the primary literature which report on or examine birds as hosts for pathogenic Vibrio species. We found that the burden of disease in birds was most commonly associated with V. cholerae, followed by V. metschnikovi and V. parahaemolyticus. Meta-analysis wide prevalences of our Vibrio pathogens varied from 19% for V. parahaemolyticus to 1% for V. mimicus. Wild and domestic birds were both affected, which may have implications for conservation, as well as agriculturally associated avian species. As pathogenic Vibrios become more abundant throughout the world as a result of warming estuaries and oceans, susceptible avian species should be continually monitored as potential reservoirs for these pathogens.

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“…Both findings indicate that waterfowl disperse bacterial pathogens from an aquatic habitat to other environments [49][50][51][52]. Fish pond manure is used not only to increase output by reducing carbon-to-nutrient ratios but also in other ways [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the stn gene of Salmonella species isolated from different environmental sources at Lake Qarun protectorate: The role of migratory birds and public health importance

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Salmonella causes most foodborne bacterial illnesses worldwide. It is found in various hosts, including pets, farm animals, and wild animals, as well as the environment. This study aimed to examine the epidemiological relationship between Salmonella isolates from aquatic environments and those from other avian hosts. Materials and Methods: The study examined 12 water samples, 210 aquatic animals, and 45 migratory aquatic bird samples collected from the protected area of Lake Qarun in El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, during migration seasons from different waterfowl migration areas (from October 2018 to January 2019). In addition, 45 fecal samples from domestic chickens were collected from the same geographic location from poultry farms. Bacteriological examination and polymerase chain reaction assay of two virulence genes (i.e., invA and stn) were performed to isolate and identify Salmonella. Results: Salmonella was isolated from 58.3% (7/12) of Lake Qarun water samples, 13.3% (6/45) of migratory waterfowl, 6.6% of (3/45) of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and 4.3% (3/70) of fish and pooled brine shrimp. In migratory aquatic bird species that were sampled, Salmonella were isolated from 23.1% (3/13) of Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), 12.5%, (1/8) of green-winged teal (Anas cardolinesis), 10% (2/20) of northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata), and 0% (0/4) of mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). In 35 Tilapia, Salmonella was isolated by (8.6%) 5.7% of external surfaces, 2.85% from the intestine, and 0% from the muscle. No Salmonella was isolated from the 175 brine shrimp samples. Phylogenetic analysis using the stn genes of Salmonella isolated from the aquatic environment, migratory aquatic birds, and chicken showed a strong association between these isolates. In addition, a higher nucleotide identity percentage was observed between the sequences recovered from migratory aquatic birds and Lake Qarun water samples. Conclusion: Salmonella distribution was confirmed through migratory aquatic birds, based on our phylogeny tree analysis, Salmonella considered a likely carrier of zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, the close relationship between chicken and fish sequences highlights the scenarios of using chicken manure in fish farms and its public health implications. The presence of Salmonella in different environmental sources spotlights the urgent need to control and break down its epidemiological cycle.

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Ecoepidemiology and Potential Transmission of Vibrio cholerae among Different Environmental Niches: An Upcoming Threat in Egypt

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Heavy metals concentration patterns in the Atlantic horse meckrel (Trachurus trachurus), the Round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and the Common panadora (Pagellus erythrinus) from northwestern Egyptian coasts

Heavy metals concentration patterns in the Atlantic horse meckrel (Trachurus trachurus), the Round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and the Common panadora (Pagellus erythrinus) from northwestern Egyptian coasts

When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-analysis of Pathogenic Vibrios Species in Wild and Domestic Birds

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the stn gene of Salmonella species isolated from different environmental sources at Lake Qarun protectorate: The role of migratory birds and public health importance

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