Ecofriendly poly(vinyl alcohol) and coconut shell powder composite films: Physico‐mechanical, thermal properties, and swelling studies

Ramaraj, B.; Poomalai, P.

doi:10.1002/app.23913

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The coconut shell in different forms has a number of conventional and unconventional uses, such as fuel, activated charcoal and filler in the development of both polymer and as filler in aluminum alloy matrix composites and as a relatively cheap bio-sorbent for heavy metals such as copper and cadmium. These uses have been reported recently by several authors (Carrijo et al, 2002;Chun et al, 2012Chun et al, , 2013Husseinsyah and Zakaria, 2011;Madakson et al, 2012;Murali et al, 1983;Oladayo, 2010;Pino et al, 2006a, b;Ramaraj and Poomalai, 2006;Sareena et al, 2012;Sarki et al, 2011;Santos, 2006;Sundaram and Natarajan, 2009). Figure 1 shows photographs of (A) half broken coconut with indication of the various parts, (B) coconut shells used for various applications and (C) coconut shell powder (CSP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…There are also some interesting published reports on the preparation and characterization of both synthetic and biopolymer based composites containing up to 60 wt.% CSP. Some of these have reported increase in tensile strength (TS) and Young's modulus (YM) with increasing CSP content in PP and epoxy based composites Sarki et al, 2011), and decreasing or constant values of TS and increasing YM in biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) (Ramaraj and Poomalai, 2006;Chun et al, 2012Chun et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Development of Composites of Highly Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resin – Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Endocarp Particles

Lengowski

Nisgoski

Tanobe

et al. 2014

International Polymer Processing

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Development of Composites of Highly Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resin -Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Endocarp ParticlesConsidering the growing interest in the development of new materials based on renewable materials, this paper presents the results of experiments carried out with high content (80 to 95 %) of coconut endocarp particles in phenol formaldehyde resin for the development of composite material by compression molding. The morphology of the particles and chemical composition and thermal stability of both the particles and the resin were evaluated. Tensile and flexural properties of the composites exhibited significant improvements with increasing resin content, attributed to good bonding between the resin and the particles and the presence of fewer voids in the composites as well as to the microstructural homogeneity, as corroborated by the fractographic studies. The thermal stability of the composites is influenced by the proportion of particles, while the swelling characteristics are affected by the amount of resin. The results taken together suggest that the developed composite can be used for various applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Composites of Highly Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resin – Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Endocarp Particles

Lengowski

Nisgoski

Tanobe

et al. 2014

International Polymer Processing

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“…of the composite material. 1,15,21 The decreasing strength with increasing starch content contributed to the poor interfacial adhesion of the two components. This may indicate that the incorporation of SPW granules into the PVA matrix introduces a new interfacial region that affects the stress transfer in the sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1 Generally, synthetic thermoplastics are blended with starch 2-8 or natural fibers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] to enhance the potential biodegradability of polyolefin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and water absorption properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sago pith waste biocomposites

Yee

Lai

Rahman

2011

Journal of Composite Materials

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A series of blends of sago pith waste (SPW) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared. Mechanical and water absorption properties of the composites have been investigated. In this study, variable amounts of plasticized SPW (pSPW) and PVA (pPVA) were processed in the presence of glycerol as plasticizers. Composites were compression molded and evaluated. The addition of pSPW reduced the tensile properties of the composites, lowering the elongation and increasing Young's modulus. The reduction in mechanical strength with the addition of pSPW was a general phenomenon due to the poor interfacial adhesion between the pPVA and Pspw, which can be proved by the scanning electron microscope observations. The percentage of water absorbed of the pPVA/pSPW biocomposites was higher than either the pPVA or pSPW alone while pSPW showed better water resistance compared to pPVA because of the restricted mobility exerted by the cellulose fibers. The incorporation of SPW into PVA decreased both the mechanical and water absorption properties.

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“…In ongoing efforts to modify poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films, [37][38][39][40][41] our study reports the characterization of PVA=LDH nanocomposite films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The primary focus of the present investigation was to explore the potential of LDH material as a filler without modification, in a hydrophilic polymer like PVA, by the water casting method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Morphological Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanocomposites

Ramaraj

Jaisankar

2008

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were synthesized with different compositions: 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% of LDH by the solution intercalation method. The effects of the layered double hydroxide platelet concentration on the properties of the PVA/LDH films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A reduction in the onset of thermal decomposition temperature was observed in PVA/LDH composites compared to neat PVA. The reduction in the onset of thermal decomposition was likely due to a nucleophilic attack mechanism. The presence of single LDH sheets in form strips in the optical micrographs shows direct evidence of exfoliation, indicating that LDH layers were well-exfoliated and dispersed in the PVA matrix in a disorderly fashion. The FTIR analysis showed good interaction between the continuous PVA matrix and the LDH nanoparticle fillers, by hydrogen bonding through hydroxyl groups. The primary focus of the present investigation was to explore the potential of LDH material as a nanofiller and to improve dispersion of LDH in polar polymers like PVA.

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Ecofriendly poly(vinyl alcohol) and coconut shell powder composite films: Physico‐mechanical, thermal properties, and swelling studies

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Development of Composites of Highly Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resin – Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Endocarp Particles

Development of Composites of Highly Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resin – Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Endocarp Particles

Mechanical and water absorption properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sago pith waste biocomposites

Thermal and Morphological Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanocomposites

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