Ecogenomics of key prokaryotes in the arctic ocean

Royo-Llonch, Marta; Sánchez, Pablo; Ruiz‐González, Clara; Salazar, Guillem; Pedrós‐Alió, Carlos; Labadie, Karine; Paoli, Lucas; Chaffron, Samuel; Eveillard, Damien; Karsenti, Eric; Sunagawa, Shinichi; Wincker, Patrick; Karp‐Boss, Lee; Bowler, Chris; Acinas, Silvia G.

doi:10.1101/2020.06.19.156794

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…3b). In line with recent metagenomic evidence, these patterns indicate a considerable degree of temporal and functional specialization 49 .…”

Section: Microbial and Environmental Seasonalitysupporting

confidence: 84%

The Polar Night Shift: Annual Dynamics and Drivers of Microbial Community Structure in the Arctic Ocean

Wietz¹,

Bienhold²,

Metfies³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Change is a constant in the Arctic Ocean, with extreme seasonal differences in daylight, ice cover and temperature. The biodiversity and ecology of marine microbes across these extremes remain poorly understood. Here, using an array of autonomous samplers and sensors, we portray an annual cycle of microbial biodiversity, nutrient budgets and oceanography in the major biomes of the Fram Strait. In the ice-free West Spitsbergen Current, community turnover followed the solar cycle, with distinct separation of a productive summer state dominated by diatoms and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria, and a regenerative winter state dominated by heterotrophic Syndiniales, radiolarians, chemoautotrophic bacteria and archaea. Winter mixing of the water column replenishing nitrate, phosphate and silicate, and the onset of light were the major turning points. The summer succession of Phaeocystis, Grammonema and Thalassiosira coincided with ephemeral peaks of Formosa, Polaribacter and NS clades, indicating metabolic relationships between phytoplankton and bacteria. In the East Greenland Current, ice cover and greater sampling depth coincided with weaker seasonality, featuring weaker bloom/decay events and an ice-related winter microbiome. Low ice cover and advection of Atlantic Water coincided with diminished abundances of chemoautotrophic bacteria while Phaeocystis and Flavobacteriaceae increased, suggesting that Atlantification alters phytoplankton diversity and the biological carbon pump. Our findings promote the understanding of microbial seasonality in Arctic waters, illustrating the ecological importance of the polar night and providing an essential baseline of microbial dynamics in a region severely affected by climate change.

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“…3b). In line with recent metagenomic evidence, these patterns indicate a considerable degree of temporal and functional specialization 49 .…”

Section: Microbial and Environmental Seasonalitysupporting

confidence: 84%

The Polar Night Shift: Annual Dynamics and Drivers of Microbial Community Structure in the Arctic Ocean

Wietz¹,

Bienhold²,

Metfies³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The AEGEAN-169 group was previously shown to be abundant and ecologically important at the San Pedro Ocean Time Series (SPOT) station (60). Polaribacter environmental genomes were recently shown to be prevalent and active in the euphotic zone at both poles (61).…”

Section: Biome-specific Communities Emerge From the Plankton Interactomementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental vulnerability of the global ocean epipelagic plankton community interactome

et al. 2021

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Marine plankton form complex communities of interacting organisms at the base of the food web, which sustain oceanic biogeochemical cycles and help regulate climate. Although global surveys are starting to reveal ecological drivers underlying planktonic community structure and predicted climate change responses, it is unclear how community-scale species interactions will be affected by climate change. Here, we leveraged Tara Oceans sampling to infer a global ocean cross-domain plankton co-occurrence network—the community interactome—and used niche modeling to assess its vulnerabilities to environmental change. Globally, this revealed a plankton interactome self-organized latitudinally into marine biomes (Trades, Westerlies, Polar) and more connected poleward. Integrated niche modeling revealed biome-specific community interactome responses to environmental change and forecasted the most affected lineages for each community. These results provide baseline approaches to assess community structure and organismal interactions under climate scenarios while identifying plausible plankton bioindicators for ocean monitoring of climate change.

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“…An example for such locally adapted Arctic diversity was recently found with Arctic specific members of the ubiquitous SAR11 clade ( Kraemer et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, despite its global importance, sampling effort in the Arctic Ocean is low, especially in and under the sea ice and in the deep basin, as well as generally during the wintertime ( Wassmann et al, 2011 ; Royo-Llonch et al, 2020 ). Thus, the reference databases are likely lacking proper coverage of the complexity and dynamics of the Arctic Ocean microbiomes that may result in biased representations of them by currently available 16S rRNA gene primers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two 16S rRNA Primers (V3–V4 and V4–V5) for Studies of Arctic Microbial Communities

et al. 2021

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Microbial communities of the Arctic Ocean are poorly characterized in comparison to other aquatic environments as to their horizontal, vertical, and temporal turnover. Yet, recent studies showed that the Arctic marine ecosystem harbors unique microbial community members that are adapted to harsh environmental conditions, such as near-freezing temperatures and extreme seasonality. The gene for the small ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA) is commonly used to study the taxonomic composition of microbial communities in their natural environment. Several primer sets for this marker gene have been extensively tested across various sample sets, but these typically originated from low-latitude environments. An explicit evaluation of primer-set performances in representing the microbial communities of the Arctic Ocean is currently lacking. To select a suitable primer set for studying microbiomes of various Arctic marine habitats (sea ice, surface water, marine snow, deep ocean basin, and deep-sea sediment), we have conducted a performance comparison between two widely used primer sets, targeting different hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 and V4–V5). We observed that both primer sets were highly similar in representing the total microbial community composition down to genus rank, which was also confirmed independently by subgroup-specific catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) counts. Each primer set revealed higher internal diversity within certain bacterial taxonomic groups (e.g., the class Bacteroidia by V3–V4, and the phylum Planctomycetes by V4–V5). However, the V4–V5 primer set provides concurrent coverage of the archaeal domain, a relevant component comprising 10–20% of the community in Arctic deep waters and the sediment. Although both primer sets perform similarly, we suggest the use of the V4–V5 primer set for the integration of both bacterial and archaeal community dynamics in the Arctic marine environment.

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Ecogenomics of key prokaryotes in the arctic ocean

Cited by 12 publications

References 96 publications

The Polar Night Shift: Annual Dynamics and Drivers of Microbial Community Structure in the Arctic Ocean

The Polar Night Shift: Annual Dynamics and Drivers of Microbial Community Structure in the Arctic Ocean

Environmental vulnerability of the global ocean epipelagic plankton community interactome

Comparison of Two 16S rRNA Primers (V3–V4 and V4–V5) for Studies of Arctic Microbial Communities

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