Ecologic significance of recurrent groups of pollen and spores in quaternary sequences from New Zealand

Harris, W. F.; Norris, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(72)90013-2

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The areas around the greater Wellington area covered by previous palynological investigations are Wallaceville (Harris 1951;Harris & Mildenhall 1980, 1984Mildenhall 1994), Haywards Hill (Harris 1959;Mildenhall 1986a), Porirua and Pauatahanui (Mildenhall 1979(Mildenhall , 1983(Mildenhall , 1993aPillans et al 1993), Hutt Valley (Harris 1959;Harris & Norris 1972;Mildenhall 1973a, in press;Harris et al 1976;Harris & Mildenhall 1980, 1984McQueen & Mildenhall 1983b), Wainuiomata (Mildenhall 1993c), Ohariu Valley (Harris in Grant-Taylor & Hornibrook 1964;Mildenhall et al 1977), Wellington City (Lewis & Mildenhall 1985;Mildenhall 1986cMildenhall , 1992aMildenhall , 1993b, and Turakirae Head (Mildenhall & Moore 1983), as well as other scattered sites around the region south of Plimmerton in the west and Kaitoke in the east (McQueen 1973;Mildenhall 1978Mildenhall ,1986bMildenhall , 1992bHarris et al 1981;McQueen & Mildenhall 1983a).…”

Section: Previous Palynological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most complete sequence is that obtained from the Petone Drillhole (variously called the Gear Meat Company Drillhole or the Hutt Valley Underground Water Authority Drillhole number 1). Pollen samples from this drillhole were studied by W. F. Harris in the late 1960s (Harris & Norris 1972;Mildenhall 1973a;Mildenhall & Moore 1983), but little information was published. This is being rectified (Mildenhall in press) so that the sequence can be used as a standard reference for comparison of other, less complete, Wellington terrestrial and marginal marine sequences.…”

Section: Previous Palynological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palynostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Wellington, New Zealand, during the last 80 ka, based on palynology of drillholes

Mildenhall

1994

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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About 20 pollen profiles from the Wellington area are correlated and zoned according to their pollen characteristics. Sequences from many of the larger sedimentary deposits are shown to contain little or no sediment of late Last Glacial and early Postglacial age, while late Postglacial sedimentation is restricted to a few localities. Sediments of middle and early Last Glacial age are well represented and widespread over the Wellington area. Pollen diagrams from Last Glacial and Postglacial sediments are zoned as follows: Zone A, 80 000-60 000 yr B.P. (lower end of range more likely) and provisionally correlated with oxygen isotope stages 5a and basal 4; Zone B, 70 000-50 000 yr B.P. (lower end of range more likely), provisionally correlated with upper oxygen isotope stages 4 and basal stage 3; Zone C, a short zone just beyond the range of radiocarbon dating at the top of Zone B of 60 000-50 000 yr B.P., correlated with the middle of oxygen isotope stage 3; Zone D, 50 000-10 000 yr B.P., with a major period of nondeposition or erosion between c. 18 000 and 10 000 yr B.P., correlated with the upper part of oxygen isotope stages 3 and all of 2; Zone E, 10 000-1000 yr B.P. (Postglacial); Zone F, last 1000 years (human occupation zone). During this time the vegetation changed from a beech forest (Zone Al) to a shrub/grassland, with pollen from the dominant tree taxa being Nothofagus fusca type (Zone A2), N. menziesii with Phyllocladus (Zones B, C), Phyllocladus with N. menziesii (Zone D), Dacrydium cupressinum (Zone E), and Nothofagus fusca with D. cupressinum (Zone F).Climatic conditions during the Last Glaciation were generally colder, drier, and stormier relative to the present day. The virtual absence of sediment of this age suggests widespread nondeposition or erosion under unstable conditions. Zones B-D represent the harshest conditions, with temperatures averaging up to 5°C less than the present day. Basal Postglacial conditions were the reverse, with higher rainfall and temperatures averaging up to 2°C higher than the present day. From sometime before 5000 yr ago, conditions deteriorated towards the present day with increased frostiness and droughts.Tephras were deposited in the Wellington area during previous glacial episodes. The Rangitawa Tephra was deposited during the mid middle Pleistocene (early Haweran) C94007Received 21 February 1994; accepted 26 July 1994 at a time when the region was covered in a low subalpine scrubland and climatic conditions were similar to that of the Last Glaciation. During the early middle Pleistocene (Okehuan) an unnamed tephra was deposited during a period of similarly cold, dry conditions and onto a similar vegetation.

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Section: Previous Palynological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Palynological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Wellington, New Zealand, during the last 80 ka, based on palynology of drillholes

Mildenhall

1994

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Two studies (Harris & Norris 1972, Harris et al 1976) have applied quantitative techniques to New Zealand pollen data in order to reconstruct past climates. In these studies discrirninant analysis was used to identi~ groups of pollen taxa with apparently similar climate requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analyses of modern pollen-climate relationships in New Zealand indigenous forests

Norton

McGlone²,

Wigley

1986

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Modern arboreal pollen data from 161 sites throughout New Zealand were collated and then analysed by means of principal components and cluster analyses to identify sites with common assemblages of pollen taxa. These pollen assemblages are directly comparable with the main associations of tree species. Simple correlation coefficients calculated between the modern pollen and climate data from the same sites show some significant relationships, particularly with precipitation. Multiple regression analysis was used to calibrate transfer functions linking the pollen data and three climate variables: mean summer temperature, annual temperature range, and the logarithm of mean annual precipitation. The regressions were verified on independent data, but those for mean summer temperature and annual temperature range failed to verify significantly. The log-precipitation transfer function performs best, with the pollen data explaining 55% of the precipitation variance in calibration, and 46% in verification. The explained variance values are lower than those obtained in eastern North America. However, it appears that with a denser, and more selective set of modern pollen sites, transfer functions could be developed in New Zealand which would make possible quantitative reconstructions of postglacial climates.

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“…Significant ecological groups, A, C, 0, E, F (system 1) representing cool or cold conditions and L, N, 0, P, Q (system 2) representing warmer conditions, are listed by Harris & Norris (1972, fig. 1, p. 111).…”

Section: Inferences On Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent restudies of the palynoflora by W. F. Harris and the author have shown the presence of previously unrecognised pollen forms indicative of mild to warm conditions, including Acaciapollenites myriosporites (Cookson), Dodonaea viscosa" Ascarina, and Cyathea medullaris with numerous protea grains similar to Knightia excelsa. Three of these species form the warm climatic indicators of Harris & Norris (1972). Dry, cool to mild conditions must have existed on a large proportion of the west coast of the North Island during late Pliocene to Pleistocene times.…”

Section: Inferences On Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Palynology of theAcacia-bearing beds in the Komako district, Pohangina Valley, North Island, New Zealand

Mildenhall

1975

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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In the Pohangina Valley, north of Ashhurst, upper Nukumaruan-Okehuan sediments, underlain by limestones, mudstones, and sandstones and overlain by sands containing marine fossils, contain pollen of Acacia (represented by its form genus Acaciapollenites) throughout a minimum thickness of 90 m. Ecologically the pollen assemblages consist of coastal swamp sedges together with scrub and grassland species. Inference of a coastal environment is supported by the presence of dinoflagellate cysts of Spiniferites. Tree pollen is relatively rare and trees may have been restricted to the surrounding hills (Ruahine Range). The presence of Acacia and the paucity of tree pollen indicate dry, cool to mild conditions. It is suspected that such conditions extended well north of the study area during late Nukumaruan-Okehuan time.Acacia appeared in New Zealand during the Pliocene, became prominent in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene, and then became extinct.

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Ecologic significance of recurrent groups of pollen and spores in quaternary sequences from New Zealand

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Palynostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Wellington, New Zealand, during the last 80 ka, based on palynology of drillholes

Palynostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Wellington, New Zealand, during the last 80 ka, based on palynology of drillholes

Quantitative analyses of modern pollen-climate relationships in New Zealand indigenous forests

Palynology of theAcacia-bearing beds in the Komako district, Pohangina Valley, North Island, New Zealand

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