Ecological and evolutionary insights from species invasions

Sax, Dov F.; Stachowicz, John J.; Brown, James H.; Bruno, John F.; Dawson, Michael N; Gaines, Steven D.; Grosberg, Richard K.; Hastings, Alan; Holt, Robert D.; Mayfield, Margaret M.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.06.009

Cited by 797 publications

(710 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Ehlers et al, 2005;Gaugler & Campbell, 1991) and the short lifecycle of EPN means that adaptation may be rapid. Traditional views of ecological communities assume that they are full or saturated with species, but this may be less general than was previously thought, and even species-rich communities can still accept new-comers, resulting in increased species diversity (Sax et al, 2007). Thus, given time, applied EPN may establish even if not well adapted to local conditions, and despite competition.…”

Section: Persistence and Spread Of Populationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

Griffin

2015

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

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Section: Persistence and Spread Of Populationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

Griffin

2015

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

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“…Research according to the classical model produced results that touched upon key questions in general ecology, and this triggered an interest among ecologists to use biotic invasions for the study of basic ecological principles (Cadotte et al, 2006a;Callaway and Maron, 2006;Sax et al, 2007). In this way biotic invasions can be understood as large-scale, so called "natural experiments" (Diamond, 1983) that are unique research opportunities for basic ecology (Cadotte et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Natural Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way biotic invasions can be understood as large-scale, so called "natural experiments" (Diamond, 1983) that are unique research opportunities for basic ecology (Cadotte et al, 2006a). The research on habitat invasibility resonated with major research interests in community and ecosystem ecology that address the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, or the relative importance of random and deterministic processes in community assembly (Cadotte et al, 2006a;Callaway and Maron, 2006;Sax et al, 2007). For example, one of the discussed aspects, already addressed by Elton (1958), was the hypothesis that species-richer habitats are more resistant to biotic invasions than species-poor habitats (Fridley et al, 2007;Levine et al, 2004).…”

Section: Natural Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Achieve Effectiveness in Problem-Oriented Landscape Research: The Example of Research on Biotic Invasions

Kueffer¹,

Hadorn²

2008

Living Rev. Landscape Res.

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It is increasingly expected from environmental research such as landscape research that science directly contributes to the solving of pressing societal problems. However, despite increased efforts to direct research towards societal problems, it is not obvious if science has become more effective in supporting environmental problem-solving. We present in this article a framework that facilitates the analysis and design of problem-orientation in research fields. We then apply the proposed framework to a concrete example of a problem-oriented landscape research field -namely research on biotic invasions. Invasion research addresses the problem that some organisms, that have been introduced by humans to a new geographic area where they were previously not present, spread in the landscape and pose negative impacts.We argue that problem-oriented research is more than applied research. Besides research on specific questions it also encompasses boundary management, i.e., deliberations among experts and stakeholders on the framing of adequate research questions about processes, values and practices for effective problem-solving. We postulate that such research may assist problem-solving in three ways, by analysing causal relationships (systems knowledge), clarifying conflicts of interests and values (target knowledge), or contributing to the development of appropriate means for action (transformation knowledge).We show that over the past decades a broad range of different research approaches has emerged in the young field of invasion research in order to produce systems, target and transformation knowledge for invasive species management. Early research in the field was dominated by the development of systems knowledge, but increasingly the three knowledge forms are Boundary management in invasion research is mainly restricted to informal networks (communities of practice), while formal processes such as transdisciplinary research are scarce. We suggest that the paucity of structured and explicit boundary management processes will limit the future development of a more effective science for invasive species management. In particular, we envisage three obstacles that can only be removed through explicit boundary management. First, the existing theoretical frameworks are currently only partly able to integrate natural and social sciences research on the processes underlying invasions. Second, a clarification of the normative thinking about alien plant invasions is needed. Third, research on transformation knowledge has so far not fundamentally challenged the existing conceptual framing and institutional setup of invasive species management.

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“…Such structuring has been revealed in a range of systems (Forbes, Powell, Stelinski, Smith, & Feder, 2009; Hood et al., 2015; Smith, Wood, Janzen, Hallwachs, & Hebert, 2007; Smith et al., 2008; Stireman et al., 2006). More broadly, understanding how insect herbivores and parasitoid communities are structured has implications for many aspects of ecosystem management, including biological control of herbivorous pests (Carvalheiro, Buckley, Ventim, Fowler, & Memmott, 2008; Henneman & Memmott, 2001), and predicting the impacts of range expansions associated with anthropogenic introductions and climate change (Nicholls, Fuentes‐Utrilla, et al., 2010; Sax et al., 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of herbivore hosts across time and food plants promotes diversification in the Megastigmus dorsalis oak gall parasitoid complex

Nicholls

Schönrogge

Stone

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Communities of insect herbivores and their natural enemies are rich and ecologically crucial components of terrestrial biodiversity. Understanding the processes that promote their origin and maintenance is thus of considerable interest. One major proposed mechanism is ecological speciation through host‐associated differentiation (HAD), the divergence of a polyphagous species first into ecological host races and eventually into more specialized daughter species. The rich chalcid parasitoid communities attacking cynipid oak gall wasp hosts are structured by multiple host traits, including food plant taxon, host gall phenology, and gall structure. Here, we ask whether the same traits structure genetic diversity within supposedly generalist parasitoid morphospecies. We use mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite genotypes to quantify HAD for Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) dorsalis, a complex of two apparently generalist cryptic parasitoid species attacking oak galls. Ancient Balkan refugial populations showed phenological separation between the cryptic species, one primarily attacking spring galls, and the other mainly attacking autumn galls. The spring species also contained host races specializing on galls developing on different host‐plant lineages (sections Cerris vs. Quercus) within the oak genus Quercus. These results indicate more significant host‐associated structuring within oak gall parasitoid communities than previously thought and support ecological theory predicting the evolution of specialist lineages within generalist parasitoids. In contrast, UK populations of the autumn cryptic species associated with both native and recently invading oak gall wasps showed no evidence of population differentiation, implying rapid recruitment of native parasitoid populations onto invading hosts, and hence potential for natural biological control. This is of significance given recent rapid range expansion of the economically damaging chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, in Europe.

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Ecological and evolutionary insights from species invasions

Cited by 797 publications

References 60 publications

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

How to Achieve Effectiveness in Problem-Oriented Landscape Research: The Example of Research on Biotic Invasions

Partitioning of herbivore hosts across time and food plants promotes diversification in the Megastigmus dorsalis oak gall parasitoid complex

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