Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment

Biksey, Thomas M.; Schultz, Amy Couch; Bernhardt, Aaron M.

doi:10.2175/106143004x145894

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The health risk assessment is based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s exposure factors and guidelines handbook [ 33 ]. The average daily dose (ADD) for both children and adults was evaluated via inhalation (ADD inh ), ingestion (ADD ing ), and dermal contact (ADD dermal ) following Equations (1) and (3):

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa

Olowoyo

Lion

Unathi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Leaded fuel has been reported to contain certain amounts of toxic trace metals such as Pb and Cadmium (Cd), which may have negative impacts on humans and the environment. Unleaded fuel was introduced to South Africa in 2006 with the aim of reducing and eventually eliminating the negative impact of leaded fuel on the environment. However, trace metals are usually nonbiodegradable, and it may therefore be necessary to monitor their presence in the environment so as to evaluate their possible impact on human health. The present study evaluated the levels of Pb and other heavy metals in soil samples collected from petrol (gas) filling stations and from busy roads just around the filling stations in Pretoria, South Africa, fifteen years after the introduction of unleaded fuel. A total of twenty-four (24) soil samples were analysed for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and cadmium (Cd) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the concentrations of the trace metals were in the following ranges: Pb, 0.08 ± 0.02–188.36 ± 15.32 ug/g; Mn, 5.35 ± 0.34–6842.43 ± 1.35 ug/g; Zn, 1.82 ± 0.22–9814.89 ± 22.32 ug/g; As, 0.21 ± 0.00–8.42 ± 2.44 ug/g; Cu, 10.51 ± 3.41–859 ± 0.09 ug/g; Cr, 5.80 ± 2.21–417.70 ± 9.08 ug/g; Ti, 19.94 ± 4.99–1036.12 ± 1.49 ug/g; and Fe, 3.06 ± 7.87–674.07 ± 12.22 mg/g. The highest concentrations from all the elements were recorded for Fe in all the collected soil samples. The concentrations of Pb in the soils collected from sites associated with high traffic and industrial areas were higher than for those from all other sites, and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The pollution index (PI), which is the anthropogenic influence of the trace metals, and the geoaccumulation (Igeo), which allows for the removal of possible variations as regards the studied element in the soil due to the possible differences in the background value, showed that some samples were enriched anthropogenically. The PI for Ni, Pb, Cu, and Cr indicated highly anthropogenically contaminated soils, especially at sites associated with high traffic volumes and in industrial areas. The Igeo showed moderately polluted areas for Pb and Cu in high-traffic areas. The exposure routes for the toxic trace metals that were of concern in the study were either through ingestion or dermal contact. The calculated hazard quotient showed both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for Fe and Mn via ingestion and through dermal contact for both children and adults, respectively. The concentrations of Pb were high and similar to those that were previously reported in the study and pointed to vehicular emission as one of the contributors. The study also noticed an increase in the presence of Mn and Fe in all soil samples.

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…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa

Olowoyo

Lion

Unathi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Risk Assessment

Persad¹,

Stedeford²

2009

Information Resources in Toxicology

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Health Risk Assessment on Drinking Water in Shenzhen, China

Liu¹,

Xu²,

Li³

et al. 2018

ODEM

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Objectives: To conduct health risk assessment on drinking water in 2012 in Shenzhen of China. Methods: The water quality monitoring data on product water and pipe water in 2012 were collected and analyzed, and the risk evaluation models recommended by the U.S. environmental protection agency (US EPA) were employed, to perform adults and children's health risk assessments on the three kinds of genetic toxic substances such as hexavalent chromium, cadmium and arsenic and the 12 non-carcinogenic materials such as iron, manganese, lead, fluoride, volatile phenol, cyanide, mercury, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, copper, zinc and selenium. Results: The results about water quality from the 150 factory samples and 207 peripheral water samples showed that the measured indicators in other water samples were accord with the National Health Standards (GB5749-2006) released by Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, except manganese level in one factory sample and the same index in one peripheral sample, and nitrate concentration in another water sample were out of limit, respectively. Namely, the total of 3 samples was disqualification. The adults and children's health risks (HI) on the 12 non-carcinogenic materials were 178.04 × 10 −8 and 249.96 × 10 −8 in the factor water samples, and 363.02 × 10 −8 and 509.66 × 10 −8 in the pipe samples, respectively. Lead in factory water and fluoride in peripheral water samples were the most serious harm in the all measured non-carcinogenic indicators. The adults and children's cancer risks (R) on the 3 genetic toxic substances were 25.60 × 10 −6 and 28.51 × 10 −6 in the factor water samples, and 23.47 × 10 −6 and 26.08 × 10 −6 in the pipe samples, respectively. Hexavalent chromium was the most damage among the three detected carcinogenic indicators. Therefore, the total adults and children's health hazard risks including the 3 carcinogenic and 12 non-carcinogenic substances were 27.38 × 10 −6

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Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment

Cited by 4 publications

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Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa

Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa

Risk Assessment

Health Risk Assessment on Drinking Water in Shenzhen, China

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