Ecological and Hygienic Assessment of the State of the Recreational Lake in the City of Ufa

Abstract

Lake Kashkadan is one of the aesthetic and recreational sites of the city of Ufa. An assessment of the ecological and hygienic condition of the reservoir was made and a system of biotechnological and bioengineering measures to optimize the conditions of recreation was developed. It was revealed that according to physicochemical and sanitarybacteriological indicators, the water in the lake corresponds to the standards for recreational water bodies. An unfavorable situation is observed in the parasitological indicators of water (viable lamblia cysts, eggs of ascaris, toxocara, fasciola and opisthorchis were found). The algological studies revealed 26 species of alga and cyanoprokaryotes of 4 clades (Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Dinophyta). Moreover, these indicator-species of organic contamination account for 53.84% of the total taxonomic list. The largest number of alga and cyanobacteria belongs to β-mesosaprobionts. The saprobity index is 1.94, which corresponds to the β-meso-sparobic zonethe water is -slightly (moderately) contaminated‖. Among the highest aquatic plants, the dominant feature is Potamogeton lucens L., which occupies about three quarters of the lake's surface and forms a large biomass. The dominant elements in the coastal zone are Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. Generally, the state of the ecosystem of Lake Kashkadan is characterized as relatively favorable. To maintain and improve the ecological and hygienic condition of the reservoir, two options for biotechnical measures can be considered: biotechnical measures with preservation of the lake bed and deepening of the lake bottom sections of 5-6 meters with the adoption of additional bioengineering and technical solutions. Preservation of the zone of aquatic plants thickets, arrangement of bathing area, construction of dog walking sites, maintenance of an adequate sanitary condition in the residential zone adjacent to the lake remains relevant for both options. Keywords-recreational water area, sanitary and epidemiological safety, eutrophication, phytoplankton, bioindication.The studies were carried out with financial support from the Administration of the city district of Ufa, the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Impact of Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent on Lakes: An Overview

“…They contribute to the hydrological cycle, regulating water flow and preventing flooding [5]. Moreover, these water bodies support economic activities by providing resources for commercial and recreational fishing industries, attracting tourists, and serving irrigation purposes in agriculture [6], [7]. They also offer opportunities for recreational activities such as swimming, boating, and fishing, promoting physical and mental well-being and providing a sense of connection with nature [6].…”

“…Moreover, these water bodies support economic activities by providing resources for commercial and recreational fishing industries, attracting tourists, and serving irrigation purposes in agriculture [6], [7]. They also offer opportunities for recreational activities such as swimming, boating, and fishing, promoting physical and mental well-being and providing a sense of connection with nature [6]. Additionally, access to clean and safe water from surface water bodies is vital for meeting basic human needs and ensuring the public health and well-being of aquatic life [8].…”

Sustainable Surface Water Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring at Lake 7/1F, Shah Alam, Selangor

“…This well-designed plan has set up a few recreational areas in a walking distance from surrounding residential areas, such as catchment ponds and artificial lakes. Furthermore, the presence of well-developed parks with ponds and lakes has a positive impact on the perception of the historical, cultural, environmental, and recreational functions that can surely develop the domestic and international tourism [1]. On top of that, these lakes' aquatic systems can improve the urban microclimate problem by absorbing solid pollutants, increasing air humidity, and reducing the adverse thermal radiation during the hot season [2][3].…”

“…When the climate has changed the character of this lake water over the last few decades, its use for irrigation should be supplemented by other groundwater sources, further reducing the depletion of that lake [7]. There is also environmental concern regarding the relationship between nutrient runoff and biological growth, including harmful algal blooms and hypoxic conditions caused by the entry of untreated wastewater into the water, littering, and eutrophication [1,5]. If lake water cannot be self-purified, it loses its recreation and may be unfit to be used by the local communities.…”

“…The excessive presence of nitrate and phosphate in the water may invite unwanted weeds to cover the lake, which leads to the lake eutrophication. This condition can pose a threat to the public with dangerous diseases such as malaria, dengue and cholera, and other parasitic infections [1,8]. Figure 1 shows the Lake 7/1F condition with the growing weeds in the water.…”