Ecological aspects in vaccine trials

Ali, Mohammad; Clemens, John D.

doi:10.1586/14760584.7.3.279

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Higher levels of neighborhood vaccine coverage were linked to lower risk of cholera among residents, both in placebo recipients, for whom a strong inverse relationship was observed, and in vaccinees, for whom a suggestive relationship is evident [16]. These findings are consistent with the concept of herd immunity, which occurs when vaccination of a group of individuals in proximity to one another reduces the intensity of transmission of the infection among all members of the group regardless of immunization status [6]. The cholera vaccine conveyed a certain amount of “direct” protection, which is the protection conferred to a vaccinated individual because of biological immunity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…To address this limitation, several new methods for evaluating vaccine efficacy have been developed. Ecological vaccine trials incorporate geographic information so that analysis of vaccine effectiveness can be conducted on geographic subpopulations [6], [7]. The premise behind a geographic analysis is that individuals are more likely to interact with others who are closer to them in space than those located further away [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Vaccine Coverage within Social Networks in Cholera Vaccine Efficacy

et al. 2011

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BackgroundTraditional vaccine trial methods have an underlying assumption that the effect of a vaccine is the same throughout the trial area. There are, however, many spatial and behavioral factors that alter the rates of contact among infectious and susceptible individuals and result in different efficacies across a population. We reanalyzed data from a field trial in Bangladesh to ascertain whether there is evidence of indirect protection from cholera vaccines when vaccination rates are high in an individual's social network.MethodsWe analyzed the first year of surveillance data from a placebo-controlled trial of B subunit-killed whole-cell and killed whole-cell-only oral cholera vaccines in children and adult women in Bangladesh. We calculated whether there was an inverse trend for the relation between the level of vaccine coverage in an individual's social network and the incidence of cholera in individual vaccine recipients or placebo recipients after controlling for potential confounding variables.ResultsUsing bari-level social network ties, we found incidence rates of cholera among placebo recipients were inversely related to levels of vaccine coverage (5.28 cases per 1000 in the lowest quintile vs 3.27 cases per 1000 in the highest quintile; p = 0.037 for trend). Receipt of vaccine by an individual and the level of vaccine coverage of the individual's social network were independently related to a reduced risk of cholera.ConclusionsFindings indicate that progressively higher levels of vaccine coverage in bari-level social networks can lead to increasing levels of indirect protection of non-vaccinated individuals and could also lead to progressively higher levels of total protection of vaccine recipients.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vaccine Coverage within Social Networks in Cholera Vaccine Efficacy

et al. 2011

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“…Recently, however, the role of GIS in the prevention of several diseases, particularly vaccine-preventable tropical diseases, has been growing (Ali et al , 2005 b , 2009; Ali and Clemens, 2008; Sur et al , 2009). The increasing use of GIS in the design and execution of vaccine trials is probably a result of conceptual and methodological advances in geographical analysis (Ali et al , 2001).…”

Section: The Use Of Geographical Information Systems In Vaccine-efficmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical information systems and tropical medicine

Khan

Davenhall²,

Ali

et al. 2010

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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In terms of their applicability to the field of tropical medicine, geographical information systems (GIS) have developed enormously in the last two decades. This article reviews some of the pertinent and representative applications of GIS, including the use of such systems and remote sensing for the mapping of Chagas disease and human helminthiases, the use of GIS in vaccine trials, and the global applications of GIS for health-information management, disease epidemiology, and pandemic planning. The future use of GIS as a decision-making tool and some barriers to the widespread implementation of such systems in developing settings are also discussed.

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“…Two dose vaccine uptake in the trial was 66% [6] . Following recent successful adoption in large-scale vaccine trials, we used a geographic information system (GIS) to support trial implementation [22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic drivers of vaccine uptake: An analysis of the data of a geographically defined cluster randomized cholera vaccine trial in Bangladesh

Saha

Hayen

Ali

et al. 2018

Vaccine

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Highlights Use of the GIS facilitated designing improved vaccination strategy in a large clinical trial. Two-third of the study population received two complete doses of the oral cholera vaccine. Vaccine uptake was significantly higher among females and among younger subjects. Individuals living farther away from the health facilities were more like to receive the vaccine. Socioeconomic drivers of vaccine uptake should be considered in planning for vaccination strategy.

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Ecological aspects in vaccine trials

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

The Role of Vaccine Coverage within Social Networks in Cholera Vaccine Efficacy

The Role of Vaccine Coverage within Social Networks in Cholera Vaccine Efficacy

Geographical information systems and tropical medicine

Socioeconomic drivers of vaccine uptake: An analysis of the data of a geographically defined cluster randomized cholera vaccine trial in Bangladesh

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