Ecological Basis of Ecosystem Services and Management of Wetlands Dominated by Common Reed (Phragmites australis): European Perspective

Abstract

The common reed (Phragmites australis) is a frequent dominant species in European wetlands. Yet, its performance can vary in response to different combinations of environmental factors. This accounts for P. australis decline on deep-water sites, its stable performance in constructed wetlands with subsurface horizontal flow and its expansion in wet meadows. Reed stands provide habitats for nesting, feeding or roosting of vulnerable bird species. Conservation measures aim at preventing or stopping the decline of P. australis stands, increasing their micro-habitat heterogeneity and reducing the reed penetration into wet meadows. Service-oriented measures aim at providing suitable conditions for direct use of reed stalks for roof thatching or as a renewable energy crop or the use of the reed-dominated habitats for waterfowl hunting, cattle grazing or fishing. The compatibility between nature conservation and different socioeconomic uses can be promoted by collective agreements, agri-environmental contracts or payments for ecosystem services of the reedbeds. In situations with multiple uses, a modelling approach considering the participation of all the stakeholders concerned can be a useful tool for resolving conflicts and developing a shared vision of the respective socio-ecosystem.

Circles of Coastal Sustainability and Emerald Growth Perspectives for Transitional Waters under Human Stress

“…Despite Lake Liepāja is essential in providing diverse ecosystem services like the regulation function protecting the low-lying Liepāja City from storm surges in the Baltic Sea due to the lake's hydraulic connection with the sea. Extensive and expanding reed beds hinder fish migration [68]. Still, the reed beds serve for carbon storage/sequestration [43].…”

Diversity of Inland Wetlands: Important Roles in Mitigation of Human Impacts

“…On the other hand, the common reed is also the most common species planted in constructed wetlands in Europe and elsewhere [6]. The review article by Čížková et al [7] thoroughly presents the important role of the common reed in wetlands throughout Europe. One of the most important adaptations in the common reed and other wetland species to aquatic environments are their ventilation systems, enabling them to thrive in permanently or temporarily flooded soils.…”

“…The review by Čížková et al [7] presents Phragmites australis as the most common and dominant species in European wetlands. Reed stands provide habitats for vulnerable bird species to nest, feed, or roost.…”

Spatial Analysis of Intra-Annual Reed Ecosystem Dynamics at Lake Neusiedl Using RGB Drone Imagery and Deep Learning

“…Reed belts in particular have ecological importance as habitats for highly specialized species and as a buffer zone for lakes and rivers. They provide an indispensable habitat for waterfowl [2] and invertebrates. Reed shoots are a food source for herbivores, and in an aquatic setting reed stands provide a spawning ground and nursery for fish [3], prevent erosion, and stabilize the strength of the bank [4].…”