Ecological comparisons across geographical distributions: The thistle gall fly Urophora cardui (Diptera: Tephritidae) on two different Cirsium hosts

Frenzel, Mark; Eber, Sabine; Klotz, Stefan; Brandl, Roland

doi:10.14411/eje.2000.035

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Larval development occurs within the larva of the host fly (Wangberg, 1980). Other studies have reported that E. serratulae and E. robusta may kill all of the larvae Urophora cardui in a local population (Eber & Brandel, 1994;Frenzel et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The galls are induced by the second instar larvae (Lalonde & Shorthouse, 1985;Frenzel et al, 2000). In the Volga-Kama region galls are formed in the first half of July.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In western Europe its larvae are attacked by Eurytoma serratulae F., Eurytoma robusta Mayr, Torymus chloromerus Walker and Pteromalus elevatus Walker. The incidence of ectoparasitism may be very high (93.2-96.0%) (Frenzel et al, 2000). Eurytoma serratulae is a specialist parasitoid of U. cardui.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region

Basov¹

2002

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. On the basis of a twenty-year investigation, the life-cycle of Torymus cyanimus Boheman (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), a hyperparasitoid of a gall-forming fly in the Volga-Kama region is described. This parasitoid is the top-consumer in a food chain on Cirsium setosum (Willdenow) Iljin, in which the herbivore is Urophora cardui L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the primary parasitoids belong to the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Mating and oviposition behaviour were studied, and the superpara sitism and larval cannibalism investigated in the second parasitoid generation. The superparasitism in T. cyanimus evolved in con nection with the ovipositor elongation, leading to eggs being laid later when the fly host has already been completely consumed by larvae o f Eurytoma serratulae F. Hyperparasitism and larval cannibalism in the second generation of T. cyanimus might account for the evolution ofhyperparasitism in this species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The galls are induced by the second instar larvae (Lalonde & Shorthouse, 1985;Frenzel et al, 2000). In the Volga-Kama region galls are formed in the first half of July.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region

Basov¹

2002

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…In northern Greece it attacks U. cardui larvae in galls on Cirsium creticum (Zwölfer, unpubl. ) and in the Ural mountains Frenzel et al (2000) found E. robusta in U. cardui galls on C. setosum. Superparasitism by E. robusta and the empty cell phenomenon There was a highly significant (n = 408, p < 0.001) but only weak (r = 0.357) positive correlation between clutch size and the number of surviving E. robusta larvae/gall.…”

Section: Host Range Of E Robustamentioning

confidence: 93%

Eurytoma robusta (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a local key factor in the population dynamics of Urophora cardui (Diptera: Tephritidae): a comparative analysis

Zwölfer¹,

Böheim²,

Beck³

2007

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Eurytoma robusta Mayr (Chalcidoidea) exploits host galls either as a primary or secondary parasitoid, an entomophytophagous inquiline or occasionally even as a predator. We present data on its ecology and impact on gall densities and population trends of the gall fly Urophora cardui (L.) on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Habitat preference, host gall selection, clutch size, and high incidence of superparasitism causing empty gall cells show that E. robusta, a generalist with a broad host spectrum, is relatively poorly adapted to parasitising U. cardui. The influence of E. robusta on U. cardui in the Belfort-Sundgau region , in the Upper Rhine Valley (1973Valley ( -2004 and in north-eastern Bavaria (1977Bavaria ( -2004, differed considerably. In the forests of the Upper Rhine Valley and the Belfort-Sundgau region, where U. cardui has relatively stable source-sink populations, E. robusta is present but not the dominant mortality factor of the gall fly. In most areas of north-eastern Bavaria U. cardui occurs in fragmented populations and short lived non-equilibrium metapopulations. In these systems E. robusta became more abundant over the last five years, which resulted in a high incidence of superparasitism, an increase in the number of empty gall cells and reduced gall quality. The greatly increased degree of parasitism and an excess of empty cells resulted recently in the collapse of most local populations of U. cardui in the study area south of Bayreuth (north-eastern Bavaria). Together with earlier records the data presented here suggest that in northeastern Bavaria E. robusta cause fluctuations in the abundance of U. cardui, which have a periodicity of 5-7 years. A remarkable feature of the oligophagous E. robusta is its high fidelity to formerly abundant U. cardui populations, which, with declining host densities, leads to overexploitation, resulting in a high incidence of superparasitism and high larval mortality. The possible influence of the habitat structure on the effect of E. robusta on the population dynamics of U. cardui is discussed. Our data plus that of other authors suggest that, with regard to U. cardui, E. robusta can develop a temporary local host specialisation.

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“…Claridge (1961) showed that E. tristis Mayr, which Mayr (1878) and other authors recorded from galls of U. cardui, is synonymous with E. serratulae. All reliable host records of E. serratulae refer to U. cardui, a tephritid whose host plants are Cirsium arvense (Claridge 1961), C. creticum (Zwölfer 1988) and C. setosum (Frenzel et al 2000). The ectoparasitoid Eurytoma robusta can so far only be identified as a morphospecies, the host records in the literature may actually pertain to a cluster of undescribed siblings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eurytoma serratulae and E. robusta (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae): complementary host exploitation strategies of coexisting parasitoids and their impact on the host Urophora cardui

Zwölfer¹,

Böheim²,

Beck³

2015

JHR

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Our study investigates the host exploitation strategies of Eurytoma serratulae and E. robusta (Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), two parasitoid species that co-occur in gall populations of the tephritid Urophora cardui on Cirsium spp. The endoparasitoid E. serratulae detects the host larvae before an externally visible gall is formed. It profits from large galls, as its parasitization rate increases with increasing numbers of chambers per gall. Oviposition by the ectoparasitoid E. robusta does not occur until a distinct gall with chambers has been formed. Its parasitization rate reaches highest values in medium-sized galls. Eurytoma robusta is the dominant parasitoid in host populations with low and moderate gall densities, whereas E. serratulae is the superior exploiter of host populations with high gall densities. Within single galls E. robusta is an important hyperparasitoid of E. serratulae, but E. serratulae has no adverse influence on E. robusta. Parasitism by E. serratulae induces host larvae to promote gall growth, an effect that is profitable to both the parasitoid and the remaining host larvae in the gall. Parasitism by E. robusta often leads to smaller galls, as cases of unsuccessful parasitization result in empty gall cells.

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Ecological comparisons across geographical distributions: The thistle gall fly Urophora cardui (Diptera: Tephritidae) on two different Cirsium hosts

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region

Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region

Eurytoma robusta (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a local key factor in the population dynamics of Urophora cardui (Diptera: Tephritidae): a comparative analysis

Eurytoma serratulae and E. robusta (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae): complementary host exploitation strategies of coexisting parasitoids and their impact on the host Urophora cardui

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