“…The study of language variation has well-established traditions in linguistics and the number of research papers on variation of English has been continuously growing (Bao, 2010;Damousi, 2010;Kachru, 1986;McArthur, 1998;Mair, 2012). The recent works in this area focus on correlations between language and social change, "democratization of Englishes " Hiltunen & Loureiro-Porto (2020), the emergence of "new multiethnolects" of English Cheshire et al (2011); Fox & Torgersen (2018); Gates (2018); Hall (2020); Kerswill (2014); Revis (2021), issues of linguistic variation and pragmatics Unuabonah & Daniael (2020), linguistic variation and language ecology (Avramenko, 2020;Ansaldo, 2009;Döring & Zunino, 2014;Mufwene, 2002). Numerous investigations of lexical variation, namely, colonial naming practices in overseas English varieties, have provided valuable insights into changing speakers' identities, their attitudes to the natives, "degree of cultural loyalty" Kozlova & Bednarczuk (2018), Kozlova & Rudnicki (2021) as well as application of previous linguistic and cultural experience in the new setting (Sidnell, 2001;Mühleisen, 2011).…”