Ecological Correlates to Lemur Community Structure in Southeast Madagascar

Lehman, Shawn M.; Ratsimbazafy, Jonah; Rajaonson, Andry; Day, Sabine

doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9058-8

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, conservation planning is urgently needed for the lemurs of Madagascar more generally: many species are threatened by subsistence hunting (Lehman and Wright, 2000), logging, and habitat degradation due to agricultural activities (Johnson & Overdorff, 1999) throughout their ranges. Only 10-20% of the original forest of Madagascar used by many lemur species remains and that in small and fragmented areas (Whitmore, 2000;Ganzhorn, 2001;Lehman et al, 2006;Harper et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperilled phylogenetic endemism of Malagasy lemuriformes

Gudde

Joy

Mooers

2013

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim To highlight where in Madagascar the phylogenetically and spatially rare lemur species at risk of extinction are concentrated. Location Madagascar.Methods Phylogenetic endemism (PE) is a combined measure for apportioning a phylogenetic tree across a landscape used to identify those geographical locations that contain spatially rare phylogenetic diversity (Rosauer et al., 2009). We present a simple extension (imperilled phylogenetic endemism) that scales this phylogenetic diversity by the probability of its loss to extinction. We apply these measures to a composite phylogeny of all confirmed Malagasy lemuriform species using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) extent of occurrence and threat status data.Results We find that, because nonimperilled species are scattered about the lemuriform tree, interior branches of the tree are still quite secure: this also means that areas of high phylogenetic endemism for Madagascar lemuriformes are often the same areas as those of high imperilled PE (IPE), as both are heavily weighted by branches nearer the tips. However, although the North of Madagascar holds the largest amount of spatially rare evolutionary history using both PE and IPE, there are additional pockets of imperilled history in the south and west.Main Conclusions Correlations of endemism and threat status with phylogenetic isolation are modest across lemurs and so are not substitutable conservation values. They might best be integrated on the landscape using IPE. As illustrated here, IPE successfully highlights areas containing species which are at once threatened with extinction and that are phylogenetically and spatially rare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperilled phylogenetic endemism of Malagasy lemuriformes

Gudde

Joy

Mooers

2013

Diversity and Distributions

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“…As COMATSA is separated from its neighboring forests only by seasonal roads or footpaths, lemurs can disperse within forest blocks easily by leaping and/or running on tree branches. Lehman et al (2006) reported the ability of some lemur species (e.g., Propithecus sp.) to traverse the open areas between forest fragments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe- Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa

Rabearivony

Rasamoelina²,

Raveloson

et al. 2015

MCD

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Site-based conservation is widely recognized as a fundamental requirement for the maintenance of biodiversity. We carried out a rapid biological assessment from 1 7 March to 1 4 May 201 1 in the southwestern part of the provisionally protected rainforest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas (COMATSA), northern Madagascar, to assess its biodiversity richness and species conservation status. We recorded 248 endemic vertebrate species, including 80 amphibians, 52 reptiles, 79 birds, 27 small mammals and 1 0 lemurs. Of these 248 species, 36 are threatened including one Critically Endangered (one lemur), nine Endangered (two amphibians, four reptiles and three lemurs) and 26 Vulnerable (1 0 amphibians, six reptiles, four birds, one small mammal and five lemurs). For herpetofauna species, the pair COMATSA-Marojejy was the only site that had a similarity value greater than 0.50. For birds and lemurs, values of similarity in three pairs of sites COMATSA-Marojejy, COMAT-SA-Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy-Anjanaharibe-Sud exceeded those of herpetofauna in COMATSA-Marojejy. The inclusion of the COMATSA into the new protected area network in Madagascar is supported by our findings. RÉSUMÉ Il est dorénavant largement reconnu que pour maintenir la biodiversité, il est fondamental de réaliser la conservation de la nature au niveau des sites. Un inventaire biologique rapide a été mené du 1 7 mars au 1 4 mai 201 1 dans la partie sud-ouest du couloir forestier reliant les parcs et réserves du Marojejy, d'Anjanaharibe-Sud et du Tsaratanana (COMATSA). L'inventaire de ce couloir qui bénéficie d'un statut de protection temporaire dans la partie septentrionale de Madagascar, était destiné à évaluer la richesse de sa biodiversité et le statut de conservation des espèces de vertébrés qu'il héberge. Les résultats ont montré que parmi les 248 espèces endémiques de vertébrés recensées, 80 sont des amphibiens, 52 des reptiles, 79 des oiseaux, 27 des petits mammi-fères et 1 0 des lémuriens. Sur ces 248 espèces, 36 sont menacées, dont une espèce qui est en Danger Critique d'Extinction (lémurien), neuf en Danger (deux amphibiens, quatre reptiles et trois lémuriens) et 26 Vulnérables (1 0 amphibiens, six reptiles, quatre oiseaux, un micromammifère et cinq lémuriens). Ce couloir forestier présente un coefficient de similarité élevé, d'une valeur supérieure à 0.50 avec le Marojejy pour les amphibiens et les reptiles. Pour les oiseaux et les lémuriens, les coefficients sont encore plus importants, plus particulièrement dans les comparaisons COMATSA-Marojejy, COMATSA-Anjanaharibe-Sud et Marojejy-Anjanaharibe-Sud. Cette étude confirme l'importance d'intégrer le COMATSA dans le réseau des Aires Protégées de Madagascar pour renforcer la protection des espèces de vertébrés endémiques et menacées.

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“…Ecological variation along geographic clines, including elevation, has been repeatedly established as responsible for differences in morphology and behavior, where organisms become adapted to local conditions along an altitudinal transect (Körner 2007). For example, among primates, a decline in food availability at higher elevations is associated with a decline in group density (Hanya et al 2004;Marshall et al 2005), consumption of a greater proportion of less-preferred foods (Marshall et al 2005), a reduction in species diversity (Lehman et al 2006), and an increase in proportion of time spent feeding (Iwamoto and Dunbar 1983). The colder climate found at higher elevations can also influence cranial morphology (Rae et al 2003) and sleep site selection behaviors (Cui et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Data on the Behavior, Ecology, and Morphology of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus)

Grow

Gursky

2010

Int J Primatol

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We here present the first behavioral, morphological, and ecological data on a living group of highland pygmy tarsiers, Tarsius pumilus, and compare them with the lowland tarsier species of Sulawesi. Pygmy tarsiers were previously known only from 3 museum specimens and had not been seen alive since the first specimens were collected in 1917 and 1930. As part of a 2-mo exploratory study, we recently located a group consisting of ≥4 pygmy tarsiers in the mossy cloud forest of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We captured 1 adult female and 2 adult male group members. The tarsiers weighed a mean of 50 g, less than half the weight of adult lowland tarsiers. Our behavioral observations indicate that these tarsiers live in small groups that return to the same sleeping tree each morning. Though our data are preliminary, pygmy tarsier body proportions appear to differ from the lowland Sulawesian tarsier species, with relatively long hind limbs compared to total body length. We also observed differences in grouping and communication behaviors. Unlike lowland tarsiers, pygmy tarsiers possess multiple adult males per group and rarely vocalize or scentmark. These differences may correlate with variables unique to their high altitude habitat, especially a reduction in food and tree resources, given that tree density declined sharply along an altitudinal gradient. Our preliminary study identifies the importance of altitudinal ecological gradients to tarsier behavioral ecology in Central Sulawesi, providing questions and predictions for future research directions.

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Ecological Correlates to Lemur Community Structure in Southeast Madagascar

Abstract: The Fandriana-Marolambo forest corridor is one of the largest (ca. 250,000 ha)

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Imperilled phylogenetic endemism of Malagasy lemuriformes

Imperilled phylogenetic endemism of Malagasy lemuriformes

Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe- Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa

Preliminary Data on the Behavior, Ecology, and Morphology of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus)

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