Ecological features of the association between mortality and determinants or salient risk factors of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

The multifactorial emergence of the association between mortality and major risk factors of cardiovascular disease is not clearly established. Diverse countries have been monitoring and evaluating mortality and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease as the levels and trajectories undergo continuous changes. Understanding the combined impacts of these alterations are crucial in taking precautionary measures in counteracting and managing cardiovascular disease. Mortality and risk factor data have been applied expansively for the monitoring and evaluation of cardiovascular disease issues and the spatiotemporal variations across populations. There are extant inequitable distribution of resources in the disparate regions and populations around the world in the quantification and analysis of the mortality, morbidity, risk factors or determinants of cardiovascular disease. The diagnosis of cardiovascular disease tends to be devoid of diagnostic tests of high specificity and sensitivity in certain instances. Poor diet is a leading etiologic factor of suboptimal health in cardiovascular disease. Diet, nutrition and scientific policy measures have accelerated, resulting in ambiguities, and also creating opportunities to obviate the excruciating health and economic burden in cardiovascular disease and other cardiometabolic disorders in vulnerable populations. These indicate that expansive spatiotemporal variations in the incidence between populations are attributable to inter alia certain contradictions in the modalities of event ascertainment, culture, and economic burden. This paper enhances and introduces novel issues, challenges and opportunities in the ecological presentations of the association between mortality and determinants or risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

Aging, Cellular Senescence and Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicopathological Correlates, Trends and Targets

“…In the elucidation of the etiology, consequences Aging, Cellular Senescence and Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicopathological Correlates, Trends and Targets and treatment of aging and diabetes, it becomes pertinent to configure sustainable modalities to achieve pertinent goals. However, the persistent challenges and constraints in research, therapeutic regimen, etiology and consequences of the comorbidity in aging and diabetes is the gap in standardized ecological analysis in defining the interaction between mortality and putative risk factors [44,45]in aging and diabetes with its concomitant complications. Artificial intelligence aging biomarkers provide unrestricted presentation of biological processes or mechanisms for newfangled modalities to enact etiologic models via the extraction of critical characteristic and identification of biologicol targets and processes [46] as necessary in aging/senescence and diabetes as well as in the convergence of inordinate research disciplines.…”

Increased Risk of Death Triggered by Domestic Violence, Hunger, Suicide, Exhausted Health System during COVID-19 Pandemic: Why, How and Solutions

“…Neglecting to combat hunger may have caused severe malnutrition and starvation, as evident in war-torn or ravaged ambient. These correlated to salient risk factors or determinants Chukwuma (2020) for compromised immune systems and facilitated susceptibility to infection rates, life-threatening disorders associated with the novel coronavirus. These disorders include severe respiratory distress, pneumonia, diarrhea, cholera, other gastrointestinal diseases Chaolin et al (2020) , and emerging and re-emerging diseases Chukwuma (2018) to poor sanitation and inadequate water supply.…”

“…There is also a need for an improvement in the nutritional intake of people who are vulnerable- mostly people with low standard of living and other factors that trigger their vulnerability such as health issues ( El Zowalaty et al, 2020 ). Sustainable development policies, actions, and good governance will reduce and eventually eradicate the burden of poverty triggered by hunger ( Chukwuma, 2020 ; Abdullahi et al, 2021 ). Sustainable steps need to be taken to prevent deaths secondary to hunger amidst the pandemic, as they can affect other sectors if not duly attended to because human survival depends on quality foods.…”