Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in Agricultural Ecosystem

Talebi, Khalil; Hosseininaveh, Vahıd; Ghadamyari, Mohammad

doi:10.5772/22919

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(127 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A heavy infestation results in significant crop reduction (Aghaali et al 2012). There are serious problems associated with the exclusive application of pesticides against this pest, such as the intoxication of people and animals, the adverse effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, the emergence of resistant populations as well as pesticide residue and entry of the residue into the trophic network (Talebi et al 2011). In the present study, PO was purified from haemolymph of the O. coerulescens larvae, and its biochemical properties were characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Inhibitors on Haemolymph Phenoloxidase From Rosaceous Branch Borer, Ospheranteria Coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Gholami

Ghadamyari

Oliaee

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rosaceous branch borer, Ospheranteria coerulescens, is an important pest of rosaceous trees. This insect feeds on the twigs and branches of living trees and causes their death. The characterization of the insect phenoloxidase (PO) is of interest when doing comparative investigations, and so that we may be able to understand its biochemical properties. When designing new methods of insect control such as the use of PO inhibitors, an understanding of the biochemical properties is fundamental. In this study, PO from hemolymph of the rosaceous branch borer was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The biochemical properties were characterized using l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the specific substrate. The apparent molecular weights of the three isoforms of PO were determined by SDS-PAGE to be 85.23, 79.45, and 66.06 kDa. Optimal pH for PO activity was pH 8, and the optimal temperature was 45°C. Phenoloxidase lost less than 50% of its relative activity after a 60 min incubation at the optimal temperature. The effects of ions and chemical materials such as K + , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ and EDTA on PO showed that PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn 2+ . The Michaelis constant (K m ) and maximum velocity (V max ) were 88.61 mM and 0.14 µmol/min, respectively. The inhibitory effects of kojic acid, 4-hexylresorsinol, and quercetin on PO were determined, and the IC 50s (inhibitory concentration) were estimated as 23.31 for kojic acid, 35.75 for 4-hexylresorcinol, and 60.8 µM for quercetin. The inhibitory potency of kojic acid was 1.54 times higher than that of 4-hexylresorcinol and 2.58 times higher than that of quercetin. Phenoloxidase was effectively inhibited by 4-hexylresorcinol, and the inhibition type was competitive. The inhibition types of PO by kojic acid and quercetin were found to be mixed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Inhibitors on Haemolymph Phenoloxidase From Rosaceous Branch Borer, Ospheranteria Coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Gholami

Ghadamyari

Oliaee

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to direct feeding damage to leaves, this pest reduces the beauty of the environment by producing a network of various plant organs cohered. Pesticides applied against this pest have serious effects, such as the intoxication of people and animals, side effects of the pesticides on nontarget organisms, the emergence of resistant populations, and pesticide residue and its entry into the trophic network (Talebi et al ., ). The use of pesticides against H. cunea on ornamental plants planted in urban areas holds special risks, so, alternative methods for pest control that are less hazardous to the environment and humans are highly valued (Breuer & de Loof, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 4‐hexylresorcinol on the phenoloxidase from Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae): In vivo and in vitro studies

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Insecticidal effects of 4-hexylresorcinol, a phenoloxidase (PO) inhibitor, were determined on Hyphantria cunea (Drury) under laboratory conditions. The LC50 for the 15-d-old larvae was estimated to be 2.95 g/L after 96 h exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and PO showed a decrease in larvae treated with 4-hexylresorcinol, and the IC50 of GST and PO were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.43 g/L, respectively, 24 h after treatment. The PO from the hemolymph of fall webworm was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography, and then enzymatic characteristics and the mechanism of inhibition were determined using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate. The purified PO showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa. The optimum pH for PO activity was observed at pH 7.0, optimum temperature was found to be 45 °C, and PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn(2+) . IC50 values were estimated to be 8.2, 19.14, and 24.04 μmol/L for 4-hexylresorsinol, kojic acid, and quercetin, respectively. The inhibitory potencies (i.e., I50 of each compound/I50 of 4-hexylresorcinol) of kojic acid and quercetin on H. cunea PO were estimated to be 1.87 and 2.89, respectively. 4-hexylresorcinol was determined to be a competitive inhibitor, and kojic acid and quercetin were determined to be mixed inhibitors. PO is one of the most important enzymes in an insect's immune system, and the use of PO inhibitors seems to be a promising approach for pest control due to their potential safety for humans.

show abstract

“…One of this concern involves their impact on non-target living species since more than 50 years already. A central question on this topic is: “How to differentiate sub-toxic exposure to sublethal effects or lethal exposure?” ( 2 – 5 ). Indeed, in order to monitor the ecotoxicity of molecules and their effects on non-target wildlife and thus adapt pesticide use practices, it is necessary to clearly establish the causal link between the death of a non-target species or negative fitness effects on non-target species and pesticide exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers Potency to Monitor Non-target Fauna Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The widespread use of pesticides to control agricultural pests is a hot topic on the public scene of environmental health. Selective pest control for minimum environmental impact is a major goal of the environmental toxicology field, notably to avoid unintended poisoning in different organisms. Anticoagulant rodenticides cause abnormal blood coagulation process; they have been widely used to control rodents, allowing inadvertent primary and secondary exposure in domestic animals and non-target predatory wildlife species through direct ingestion of rodenticide-containing bait or by consumption of poisoned prey. To report toxic effect, the most common approach is the measurement of liver or plasma residues of anticoagulant rodenticides in dead or intoxicated animals showing clinical symptoms. However, one major challenge is that literature currently lacks a hepatic or plasma concentration threshold value for the differentiation of exposure from toxicity. Regarding the variation in pharmacology properties of anticoagulant rodenticides inter- and intra-species, the dose-response relationship must be defined for each species to prejudge the relative risk of poisoning. Beyond that, biomarkers are a key solution widely used for ecological risk assessment of contaminants. Since anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) have toxic effects at the biochemical level, biomarkers can serve as indicators of toxic exposure. In this sense, toxicological knowledge of anticoagulant rodenticides within organisms is an important tool for defining sensitive, specific, and suitable biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic parameters of anticoagulant rodenticides in different animal species. We examine different types of biomarkers used to characterize and differentiate the exposure and toxic effects of anticoagulant rodenticide, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the assays. Finally, we describe possible new biomarkers and highlight their capabilities.

show abstract

Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in Agricultural Ecosystem

Cited by 14 publications

References 113 publications

Effects of Inhibitors on Haemolymph Phenoloxidase From Rosaceous Branch Borer, Ospheranteria Coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Effects of Inhibitors on Haemolymph Phenoloxidase From Rosaceous Branch Borer, Ospheranteria Coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Effects of 4‐hexylresorcinol on the phenoloxidase from Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae): In vivo and in vitro studies

Biomarkers Potency to Monitor Non-target Fauna Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About