Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes

Sih, Andrew; Côté, Julien; Evans, Mara; Fogarty, Sean; Pruitt, Jonathan N.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01731.x

Cited by 762 publications

(673 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…In the presence of predators, prey will often modify their behaviors to balance the risk of mortality with the reward of accessing food, mates, or other resources (Catano et al., 2016; Sih, Cote, Evans, Fogarty, & Pruitt, 2012; Snell‐Rood, 2013). Prey may reduce their activity levels, utilize defenses, or seek refuge when they perceive the risk to be high (Lima & Dill, 1990; Lindberg, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prozac in the water: Chronic fluoxetine exposure and predation risk interact to shape behaviors in an estuarine crab

Peters

Granek

Rivera

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Predators exert considerable top‐down pressure on ecosystems by directly consuming prey or indirectly influencing their foraging behaviors and habitat use. Prey is, therefore, forced to balance predation risk with resource reward. A growing list of anthropogenic stressors such as rising temperatures and ocean acidification has been shown to influence prey risk behaviors and subsequently alter important ecosystem processes. Yet, limited attention has been paid to the effects of chronic pharmaceutical exposure on risk behavior or as an ecological stressor, despite widespread detection and persistence of these contaminants in aquatic environments. In the laboratory, we simulated estuarine conditions of the shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, and investigated whether chronic exposure (60 days) to field‐detected concentrations (0, 3, and 30 ng/L) of the antidepressant fluoxetine affected diurnal and nocturnal risk behaviors in the presence of a predator, Cancer productus. We found that exposure to fluoxetine influenced both diurnal and nocturnal prey risk behaviors by increasing foraging and locomotor activity in the presence of predators, particularly during the day when these crabs normally stay hidden. Crabs exposed to fluoxetine were also more aggressive, with a higher frequency of agonistic interactions and increased mortality due to conflicts with conspecifics. These results suggest that exposure to field‐detected concentrations of fluoxetine may alter the trade‐off between resource acquisition and predation risk among crabs in estuaries. This fills an important data gap, highlighting how intra‐ and interspecific behaviors are altered by exposure to field concentrations of pharmaceuticals; such data more explicitly identify potential ecological impacts of emerging contaminants on aquatic ecosystems and can aid water quality management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prozac in the water: Chronic fluoxetine exposure and predation risk interact to shape behaviors in an estuarine crab

Peters

Granek

Rivera

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…2010; Sih et al 2012), we distinctly classify forms of consistency in single behaviours (1) as animal personality and consistency in two or more functionally different behaviours (3) as behavioural syndrome (see Garamszegi et al 2012), while we treat consistent behavioural responses (2) as a form of plasticity. The mainstream approach in studying behavioural consistency is to test for the repeatability of single behaviours to detect animal personality or for the correlation between multiple behaviours to detect behavioural syndromes.…”

Section: Communicated By J Lindströmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural syndromes, syndrome deviation and the within- and between-individual components of phenotypic correlations: when reality does not meet statistics

Garamszegi

Herczeg

2012

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Evolutionary mechanisms leading to correlations across different behaviours, called behavioural syndromes, are hard to study, mostly because behavioural syndromes are group/population level phenomena. Recently (Herczeg and Garamszegi Behav Ecol Sociobiol 66:161-169, 2012), we introduced the concept of syndrome deviation that allows the study of behavioural syndromes at the individual level by focusing on the individual deviation from the hypothetical perfect group-level behavioural correlation. Subsequently, Dingemanse et al. (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 66:1543-1548) emphasized that behavioural syndromes refer to the between-individual component of phenotypic correlations, and only this component is relevant for syndrome deviation. They also recommended mixed models to decompose the between-and within-individual correlations. We agree that separating these components is important, but the proposed approach is impractical to apply for functionally different behaviours because (1) the assumption of constant within-individual correlations is unjustified and (2) different behaviours cannot be measured at the same time. Further, our simulations based on mixed models show that the statistical differentiation between the within-and between-individual components is inefficient when using realistic sample sizes. Until the separation of between-and within-individual correlations is resolved, we recommend alternative approaches for empirical behavioural syndrome research that consider the repeatability of the behaviours and the optimal balance between within-and between-individual sample sizes. Syndrome deviation calculated from phenotypic correlations of traits that are proven to be individual specific, or from the betweenindividual correlations if possible, is a meaningful metric to describe behavioural consistency and to explain its evolutionary significance.

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“…BTs are known to influence various ecological processes [7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, individuals that are more exploratory, bolder, more aggressive, or more asocial than others tend to disperse more frequently and over larger distances [12 -15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the going gets tough: behavioural type-dependent space use in the sleepy lizard changes as the season dries

et al. 2015

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Understanding space use remains a major challenge for animal ecology, with implications for species interactions, disease spread, and conservation. Behavioural type (BT) may shape the space use of individuals within animal populations. Bolder or more aggressive individuals tend to be more exploratory and disperse further. Yet, to date we have limited knowledge on how space use other than dispersal depends on BT. To address this question we studied BT-dependent space-use patterns of sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in southern Australia. We combined high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) tracking of 72 free-ranging lizards with repeated behavioural assays, and with a survey of the spatial distributions of their food and refuge resources. Bayesian generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed that lizards responded to the spatial distribution of resources at the neighbourhood scale and to the intensity of space use by other conspecifics (showing apparent conspecific avoidance). BT (especially aggressiveness) affected space use by lizards and their response to ecological and social factors, in a seasonally dependent manner. Many of these effects and interactions were stronger later in the season when food became scarce and environmental conditions got tougher. For example, refuge and food availability became more important later in the season and unaggressive lizards were more responsive to these predictors. These findings highlight a commonly overlooked source of heterogeneity in animal space use and improve our mechanistic understanding of processes leading to behaviourally driven disease dynamics and social structure.

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Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes

Cited by 762 publications

References 103 publications

Prozac in the water: Chronic fluoxetine exposure and predation risk interact to shape behaviors in an estuarine crab

Prozac in the water: Chronic fluoxetine exposure and predation risk interact to shape behaviors in an estuarine crab

Behavioural syndromes, syndrome deviation and the within- and between-individual components of phenotypic correlations: when reality does not meet statistics

When the going gets tough: behavioural type-dependent space use in the sleepy lizard changes as the season dries

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