“…The machining process with geometrically defined cutting edges is described via the cutter-workpiece engagement along the trajectory in the interaction of machine and process. Conventionally, the coupled simulation of drive control and process model with the machine model uses time-consuming machine structure dynamics and process model, normally in the form of FEM (finite element method) and MBS (multibody simulation), as well as the measured characteristics results for calibrating the numerical models regarding machine, tool, and workpiece [24,49]. Therefore, the corresponding DT modeling requires certain simplifications to meet domain-specific real-time requirements while retaining task-specific model granularities.…”