Ecological Model Explaining the Psychosocial Adaptation to COVID-19

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to understand and characterize the adoption of an ecological perspective and the physical, psychological, social, and contextual health factors that may influence the adjustment to and mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 5479 participants, of which 3710 were female (67.7%), aged between 18 and 90 years old, with a mean age of 48.57 years (SD = 14.29), were considered three age groups: 21.5% up to 35 years old, 61.8% between 36 and 64 years old, and 16.7% 65 years old or more. The mental health and individual adjustment to the COVID-19 situation are explained by socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, lifestyles, attitudes and behaviors, lockdown experience, and place of residence. A better adaptation and mental health are observed among men, people with a higher educational level, people with lower sadness, nervousness, and burnout, and people whose health situation did not worsen with the pandemic. In terms of lifestyle, a better adaptation is related to a better quality of sleep, fewer nightmares, a higher practice of physical activity, and less consumption of processed foods and sweets. A better adaptation is also associated with lower levels of dependence on alcohol, TV, and SN (social networks) and a more positive experience of the lockdown imposed by the pandemic. Gender and age group differences in the described context were studied. Promoting a better adjustment and improved mental health when dealing with the COVID-19 requires an ecological understanding and multitarget interventions, targeting physical, mental, and social health together with the contextual environment.

Relationship between Burden, Quality of Life and Difficulties of Informal Primary Caregivers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of the Contributions of Public Policies

“…On the other hand, being people with greater needs in terms of health and social support, they were deprived of this support in full, or even totally. Informal caregivers and people being cared for, experienced uncertainty, fear, and isolation more than other people [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The difficulties experienced by caregivers were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

“…The COVID-19 pandemic, the respective isolation measures, and the difficulties in accessing health and social services that were focused exclusively on fighting the pandemic at the time had a greater impact on certain groups, namely the elderly, people with chronic illnesses, people with socio-economic difficulties, women, and the unemployed. Informal caregivers and their cared-for persons were one of the groups most affected by the pandemic and its restrictions [ 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Psychosocial Adaptation Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…An ecological model can be drawn on in future to further analyze factors in what ecological systems contribute most to the psychosocial adaptation of IBD patients. 47 …”

Komensalitas dalam Batas: Modifikasi Aktivitas Makan Bersama di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

“…Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aturan pembatasan sosial selama masa pandemi Covid-19 berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan psikososial (Torales et al, 2020;Wil-liams et al, 2020). Sebagai bentuk strategi koping, masyarakat dihimbau untuk mengembangkan emosi positif dengan meluangkan waktu untuk beraktivitas menyalurkan hobi dan berekreasi dengan cara yang aman selama masa pembatasan sosial (Gaspar, Paiva, dan Matos, 2022;Hongyan et al, 2020;Moore et al, 2020). Penelitian sebelumnya juga menunjukkan bahwa selama masa pandemi, partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan kreatif cenderung meningkat (Morse, Fine, dan Friedlander, 2021).…”

“…Oleh karena itu, modifikasi komensalitas dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital adalah cara beradaptasi yang secara instan menciptakan rasa keterhubungan, tetapi cara ini tidak terlalu disarankan. Sebab, bagaimanapun tingkat ketergantungan yang lebih rendah terhadap penggunaan teknologi digital untuk menciptakan rasa keterhubungan selama masa pandemi akan menciptakan pengalaman pembatasan sosial yang lebih positif (Gaspar et al, 2022).…”