Ecological monitoring of a megalopolis atmosphere

Abstract

A comprehensive approach is considered towards ecological monitoring of a megalopolis atmosphere with which it is necessary to use a considerable amount of ecological, cartographic and quantitative information about the condition of environmental components. An algorithm is developed for operational prediction of air stream movements in the test megalopolis region. The method proposed makes it possible to consider different scenarios of harmful substance discharge into a megalopolis atmosphere and to determine the direction and velocity of the air stream, and also the area of its fall-out, that is important to consider in planning an ecological safety system for both industrial objects and a megalopolis as a whole.Currently, considerable attention is being devoted to environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Today industrial enterprises considerably harm the ecology, and this is due to the use of ageing technology and a high concentration of harmful discharges, concentrated mainly within towns.In order to monitor a megalopolis atmosphere ecologically, a comprehensive approach is necessary with which there is use of a considerable amount of ecological, cartographic and other quantitative information about the state of the natural atmosphere components. The most promising methods for processing and assimilating such amounts of information are based on the use of computer information technology, providing simultaneous analysis of multidimensional data using digital maps, and this simplifies the procedure of ecological prediction, makes it possible to reveal anomalies and to take the necessary measures in order to overcome them.An algorithm has been developed for operational prediction of air stream movement that consists of three main parts: experimental observation of megalopolis weather conditions; processing of experimental data by means of noise-proof interpolation; an operating monitoring system for air atmosphere dynamics with technogenic emergencies.The first two parts of an algorithm for the planned ecological monitoring system (Fig. 1) may be separated into a number of stages.In order to obtain representative information about space and time variability of megalopolis air stream movement, first there are experimental studies of megalopolis weather conditions by means of mobile analysis facilities.In order to create a database from parameters of curves for air stream movement, it is necessary to collect weather data (wind velocity and direction), to select typical points for study, and to calculate air stream movement curves by means of software.

Main reasons to modify the ecomonitoring system of Novomoskovsk atmosphere relying on modern modeling methods

“…The projecting method of polluting cloud motion is based on its representation by a large number of points -elementary volumes of gas. There are two types of motion for each point:air flow moving and diffusion [6].…”

“…These elements are adjacent to the certain volume point elements (Fig.7). We use the following heuristic algorithm to calculate the diffusion: for each point displacements are determined and due to the different concentration between the grid 1 central element and its neighboring element, as well as a random displacement that is proportional to the concentration in the current chamber [6]:…”