Ecological monitoring of urban thermal field variance index and determining the surface urban heat island effects in Lahore, Pakistan

Nasar-u-Minallah, Muhammad; Haase, Dagmar; Qureshi, Salman; Zia, Sahar; Fatima, Munazza

doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11799-1

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Geospatial and geostatistical techniques were used for spatial analysis (Nasar-u-Minallah et al 2023) and mapping of water quality and quantity of groundwater for selected districts of Punjab Pakistan. The groundwater data was initially processed and refined to rectify the existing errors Farooq et al 2019).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality and Quantity Analysis for Irrigation Purposes in Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Asif,

Ahmad,

Javed

et al. 2024

GES

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Irrigated agriculture is the major determinant of economic growth potential as it accounts for 20% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The current study focuses on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of groundwater in three districts i.e., Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal of the Punjab province of Pakistan, which are considered highly fertile for agriculture production. The data were acquired from the Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) for 10 years (2010-2020) to assess the spatio-temporal patterns. The spatiotemporal mapping and variability of depth to the water table, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were done as per the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Punjab Irrigation Department using inverse distance weighting (IDW) statistical approach of GIS Techniques. The finding of the study revealed that overall water quality in the study area was reported as “fit” by following the WHO standards, whereas as per Punjab Irrigation Department standards, it was observed, as “Moderately fit”. Moreover, in Sahiwal, Okara, and Khanewal districts, the average depth of the water table declined from 2010 to 2015 by 0.619, 1.286, and 0.164 metres and then increased from 2016 to 2020 by 1.698, 1.421 and 0.830 metres, respectively. Although currently the quality and quantity of groundwater were not in critical condition, with continued carelessness and the release of additional water from aquifers, these conditions could deteriorate in the near future. So, developing a suitable mechanism for supplying surface water to farmers, and adapting environmentally acceptable methods of recharging aquifers is much needed.

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Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality and Quantity Analysis for Irrigation Purposes in Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Asif,

Ahmad,

Javed

et al. 2024

GES

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“…Urban expansion, characterized by increased impermeable surfaces and higher building density, exacerbates the UHI effect [10]. The intensity of the UHI effect is influenced by meteorological factors like relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind velocity, as well as urban morphology factors, which include building structure, land cover type, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Guo G [12] emphasized the significant contribution of urban morphology to the UHI effect, while Dirksen's study [13] revealed a strong correlation between the urban sky view factor and UHI. Studies by Muhammad [10] and Qi Yansu [14] emphasized the impact of building density and vegetation coverage on aggravating or mitigating the UHI effect, respectively. Studying the impact of multiple factors on the urban heat island effect is advantageous for gaining a deeper understanding of the urban heat island phenomenon and its driving factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Morphology Influencing the Urban Heat Island in the High-Density City of Xi’an Based on the Local Climate Zone

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Urban form plays a critical role in enhancing urban climate resilience amidst the challenges of escalating global climate change and recurrent high-temperature heatwaves. Therefore, it is crucial to study the correlation between urban spatial form factors and land surface temperature (LST). This study utilized Landsat 8 remote sensing data to estimate LST. Random forest nonlinear analysis was employed to investigate the interaction between the urban heat island (UHI) and six urban morphological factors: building density (BD), floor area ratio (FAR), building height (BH), fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), sky view factor (SVF), and impervious surface fraction (ISF), within the framework of local climate zones (LCZs). Key findings revealed that Xi’an exhibited a significant urban heat island effect, with over 10% of the study area experiencing temperatures exceeding 40 °C. Notably, the average LST of building-class LCZs (1-6) was 3.5 °C higher than that of land cover-class LCZs (A-C). Specifically, compact LCZs (1-3) had an average LST 3.02 °C higher than open LCZs (4-6). FVC contributed the most to the variation in LST, while FAR contributed the least. ISF and BD were found to have a positive impact on LST, while FVC and BH had a negative influence. Moreover, SVF was observed to positively influence LST in the compact classes (LCZ2-3) and open low-rise class (LCZ6). In the open mid-rise class (LCZ5), SVF and LST showed a U-shaped relationship. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between FAR and LST, with the inflection point occurring at 1.5. The results of nonlinear analysis were beneficial in illustrating the complex relationships between LST and its driving factors. The study’s results highlight the effectiveness of utilizing LCZ as a detailed approach to explore the relationship between urban morphology and urban heat islands. Recommendations for enhancing urban climate resilience include strategies such as increasing vegetation coverage, regulating building heights, organizing buildings in compact LCZs in an “L” or “I” shape, and adopting an “O” or “C” configuration for buildings in open LCZs to aid planners in developing sustainable urban environments.

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Evaluating the impact of landscape configuration, patterns and composition on land surface temperature: an urban heat island study in the Megacity Lahore, Pakistan

Nasar-u-Minallah,

Haase,

Qureshi

2024

Environ Monit Assess

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Ecological monitoring of urban thermal field variance index and determining the surface urban heat island effects in Lahore, Pakistan

Cited by 22 publications

References 85 publications

Groundwater Quality and Quantity Analysis for Irrigation Purposes in Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Groundwater Quality and Quantity Analysis for Irrigation Purposes in Okara, Sahiwal and Khanewal Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Urban Morphology Influencing the Urban Heat Island in the High-Density City of Xi’an Based on the Local Climate Zone

Evaluating the impact of landscape configuration, patterns and composition on land surface temperature: an urban heat island study in the Megacity Lahore, Pakistan

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